基于结构方程模型的孕妇运动行为的影响因素

目的在调查研究的基础上深入分析孕妇运动行为的影响因素。方法采用问卷调查的形式分别对妊娠早、中、晚期各 650、650、750名孕妇展开运动行为调查研究，采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling, SEM）进行影响因素分析，模型中 主要设置了四个潜变量，包括孕妇对运动行为的态度、运动行为的主观规范、运动行为意向以及运动行为，并分别针对4个潜变 量设置了相应的观测变量。结果孕妇年龄集中在18~35岁；孕妇及其丈夫的文化程度均较高；孕妇的母亲和婆婆的文化程度 均偏低；孕期的主要照顾者是其母亲，其次是丈夫。在出行方式上，妊娠早、中、晚期妇女分别以步行、坐公交车、专人接送为主； 妊娠各期的主要运动方式均为散步；妊娠各期妇女均倾向于从事静息型体力活动，运动强度越大，运动时间越少。结构方程模 型分析结果显示，妊娠期妇女的运动行为受行为意向的影响（标准化回归系数为0.372）；行为态度和主观规范通过影响行为意 向而最终影响运动行为（标准化回归系数分别为0.140及0.669）。结论妊娠各期孕妇的运动行为均不合理，运动形式单一，运 动时间和强度不足。主观行为规范通过对行为态度及行为意向的影响而间接影响孕妇的运动行为，提示应加强对孕妇主要照 顾者的健康教育。

Factors affecting maternal physical activities: an analysis based on the structural equation modeling

Objective To analyze the factors affecting maternal physical activities at different stages among pregnant women. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the physical activities of women in different stages, including 650 in the first, 650 in the second, and 750 in the third trimester of pregnancy. The factors affecting maternal physical activities were analyzed using the structural equation model that comprised 4 latent variables (attitude, norm, behavioral attention and behavior) with observed variables that matched the latent variables. Results The participants ranged from 18 to 35 years of age. The women and their husbands, but not their mothers or mothers-in-law, were all well educated. The caregiver during pregnancy was mostly the mother followed by the husband. For traveling, the women in the first, second and third trimesters preferred walking, bus, and personal escort, respectively; the main physical activity was walking in all trimesters, and the women in different trimester were mostly sedentary, a greater intensity of exercise was associated with less exercise time. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that the physical activities of pregnant women was affected by behavioral intention (with standardized regression coefficient of 0.372); attitude and subjective norms affected physical activity by indirectly influencing the behavior intention (standardized regression coefficients of 0.140 and 0.669). Conclusions The pregnant women in different stages have inappropriate physical activities with insufficient exercise time and intensity. The subjective norms affects the physical activities of the pregnant women by influencing their attitudes and behavior intention indirectly, suggesting the need of health education of the caregivers during pregnancy.