开胸术后早期肺功能的变化规律及影响因素分析

目的　了解开胸术后早期肺功能的变化规律及其影响因素。　方法　连续测定 6 4例患者术前及术后早期的肺功能 ,分析其肺功能的变化规律及影响因素。　结果　术后第 1天 ,患者肺功能降低到术前的 (39± 14 ) % ,术后第 3～ 4天恢复相对较快 ,术后第 8天恢复到术前的 (6 2± 10 ) %。硬膜外镇痛可降低疼痛评分、改善肺功能。单因素分析中 ,手术方式 (F =4 13,P <0 0 5 )、疼痛 (F =2 8 0 2 5 ,P <0 0 1)、术后恢复时间 (F =12 6 2 ,P <0 0 1)对术后早期肺功能有影响。多因素分析中 ,术前肺功能、年龄、疼痛等创伤应激反应都是影响术后早期肺功能的因素。　结论　开胸手术患者术后早期肺功能严重受损 ,随术后时间的延长逐渐恢复。有效改善患者术前肺功能、减少术中创伤及对呼吸肌的损伤、充分的术后镇痛 ,是减少术后肺功能损害肺部并发症的重要方法。

Early postoperative pulmonary function study: changing curve and influencing factors analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and influence factors for early postoperative pulmonary function of thoracotomy. METHODS: Pre- and early postoperative pulmonary function was detected in 64 consecutive cases with optimal thoracotomy. Pain assessment was conducted before pulmonary function test, and the chief complaints of patients were recorded after the procedure. The changing curves of pulmonary function were made and the differences associated with groups, surgical styles, pain assessment, epidural analgesia, chief complaint and preoperative conditions were analyzed using SPSS10.0 medical statistic software. RESULTS: Pulmonary function was severely lowered to (39 +/- 14)% of the base line on the first day. It was rehabilitated gradually, and recovered to (62 +/- 10)% of the base line on the 8th day. Epidural analgesia could improve pain relaxation and pulmonary function in some degree. Single-factor analysis showed that postoperative pain, postoperative day and surgical style were the significant influence factors for early postoperative pulmonary function. Multiple-factor analysis showed that preoperative pulmonary function, age and postoperative pain were the main factors, while surgical style had only weak effect on it. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative pulmonary function is severely impaired by thoracotomy. It rehabilitate gradually with time. Improvement of preoperative pulmonary function, reducing surgical procedure injuries, especially injury to respiratory muscle system, and enough postoperative pain relief are the most important means that will reduce pulmonary function impairment and consequently reduce postoperative pulmonary complications.