外泌体来源miRNAs对骨质疏松症的作用与机制的研究进展

骨质疏松症是与年龄相关的全身代谢性骨疾病，该疾病不仅发病率高，还极大地增加了患者跌倒、骨折、截瘫、死亡等风险。骨质疏松的发病与骨髓间充质干细胞成骨-成脂分化的失平衡密切相关，而大量证据表明，不同外泌体来源的miRNAs(微小RNA)在调控骨髓间充质干细胞谱系分化命运中发挥重要功能。笔者从调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化与成脂分化的角度，对外泌体来源miRNAs在骨质疏松疾病中的作用与机制进行综述，为骨质疏松症的诊治提供潜在靶点和新的思路。

The role and mechanism of exosome-derived miRNA in osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is an age-related systemic metabolic bone disease that not only has a high incidence, but also greatly increases the risk of falls, fractures, paraplegia, and death. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is closely related to the imbalance of osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A large number of evidences suggest that miRNAs (microRNAs) from different exosomes play an important role in regulating the differentiation fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This article reviews the role and mechanism of exosome-derived miRNAs in osteoporosis from the perspective of regulating osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, providing potential targets and new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.