蔬菜中有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类农药残留调查

目的 了解长春市市场销售蔬菜中农药残留的情况.方法 2003-2004年,从长春市的9个蔬菜销售市场采集了韭菜、芹菜、甘蓝、黄瓜、菠菜、辣椒、番茄、油菜,经过提取、净化和浓缩后,采用气相色谱法检测其有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留情况.结果 2003年,共检出4种有机磷农药(甲基对硫磷、敌敌畏、对硫磷、甲拌磷)残留,2种拟除虫菊酯农药(氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯)残留.菠菜和番茄各检出4种农药残留,韭菜、辣椒、芹菜、黄瓜也均有农药残留检出,甘蓝和油菜未检出农药残留.菠菜中对硫磷残留量(0.007 0 mg/kg)超标,超标率为9.09%(1/11);辣椒中对硫磷残留量(0.036 0mg/kg)超标,超标率为9.09%(1/11);番茄中甲拌磷残留量(0.015 0mg/kg)超标,超标率为12.50%(1/8).在8种蔬菜中残留最普遍的农药是甲基对硫磷,在5种蔬菜中被检出,其次是敌敌畏和氯氰菊酯,分别在3种蔬菜中被检出.2004年,共检出4种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、甲胺磷、氧化乐果、毒死蜱)残留,检出3种拟除虫菊酯类农药(氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯).韭菜检出6种农药残留,其他也均有农药残留检出.韭菜中,甲胺磷残留量(0.705 0～22.560 0 mg/kg)超标,超标率为100%(4/4),氧化乐果残留量(0.219 5～0.414 5mg/kg)超标,超标率为100%(4/4);辣椒中,氧化乐果残留量(0.017 0mg/kg)超标,超标率为14.29%(1/7).8种蔬菜中均检出氰戊菊酯残留,5种蔬菜中检出氯氰菊酯残留.结论 本次调查的蔬菜中普遍存在有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类农药残留.

Analysis of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides Multi-residues in Vegetables

Objective To investigate the pesticide residues in vegetables in Changchun of China. Methods 10 kinds of organophsphorus and pyrethroid pesticide residues in 8 kinds of vegetables were determined by capillary gas chromatography in 2003-2004. Results 4 kinds of organophosphorus (methyl parathion, DDVP, parathion, phorate) and 2 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides (Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate) were detected in the vegetables in 2003. 4 kinds of pesticides were detected in spinach,tomato, leek, capsicum, celery and cucumber, but not in cabbage and cole. The parathion residues and the rate of exceeded limit in spinach, capsicum was 0.007 mg/kg, 0.036 mg/kg and 9.09% respectively. The phorate residues in tomato was 0.0150 mg/kg, the rate of exceed limit was 12.5%. The most popular pesticide residued in these vegetables was methyl parathion which was detected in 5 kinds of vegetables, DDVP and cypermethrin was detected in 3 kinds of vegetables. 4 kinds of organophsphorus (DDVP, Methamidophos, Omethoate, Chlorpyrifos) and 3 kinds of pyrethroids pesticides (Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate) residues were detected in 8 kinds of vegetables in 2004. 6 kinds of pesticide were detected in leek, pesticides were also detected in the other vegetables. Methamidophos residue in leek was 0.705 0-22.560 0 mg/kg, the rate of exceed limit was 100%, omethoate residue and the rate of exceed limit in leek and capsicum was 0.219 5-0.414 5 mg/kg, 0.0170 mg/kg and 100%,14.29% respectively. Fenvalerate was detected in 8 kinds of vegetables, Cypermethrin in 5 kinds of vegetables. Conclusion Generally speaking, the problem on the organophosphorus and pyrethroids pesticide residues existed in vegetables in Changchun, China is more serious.