中国7岁以下儿童正常体重和身高主要参数及估算公式

目的：分析由首都儿科研究所，九市儿童体格发育调查协作组公布的“2005年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查”数据；探讨我国7岁以下儿童体重和身高（长）增长规律，推算相应的估算公式以帮助儿科医生和医学生熟练掌握儿童生长的重要参数并评估儿童的生长。方法：将儿童体重和身高（长）数据绘制成生长曲线图，按不同年龄段，采用Graphpad Prism 5.0软件进行分析。根据临床需要和应用习惯，大致将其分为：出生后第一个3个月，出生后第二个3个月，出生第一年的后6个月，出生后第二年，以及2~7岁5个年龄段，分别进行分析。结果：我国儿童出生时平均体重3.3 kg，身长50 cm；出生后第一个3个月生长速度最快，每个月体重增长1.0~1.2 kg，身长增长4 cm，3个月时，婴儿平均体重6.6 kg，身长62 cm；第二个3个月生长速度减慢一半，每个月体重增长0.5~0.6 kg，身长增长2 cm；出生6个月后到1周岁又减慢一半，每个月体重增长0.25~0.3 kg，身长增长1 cm，12个月时，平均体重9.9 kg，身长75 cm；出生后第二年，每个月体重增长0.2 kg，身长增长1 cm，2周岁时，平均体重12 kg，身长87 cm。2~7岁时呈匀速增长趋势, 体重估算公式：年龄×2 + 8 （kg）；身高（长）估算公式：年龄×7 + 75 （cm）。结论：我国7岁以下儿童的身高（长）和体重可以分别采用上述参数和公式进行大致推算。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（8）：672-674］

Key parameters and formulas for approximate average height and weight of normal Chinese children under 7 years of age

Objective In order to understand the normal physical growth of Chinese children,data of children aged from 0 to 7 years from urban and rural areas of nine Chinese cities in 2005 were analyzed.Methods The original data of height and weight were drawn into growth curves charts by Graphpad Prism 5.0 software according to the different age groups.The children were classified into five age groups:0-3 months,4-6 months,7-12 months,13-24 months,and 2-7 years.Results The average birth weight was 3.3 kg and the height averaged 50 cm.The average monthly weight gain was 1.0-1.2 kg and the average monthly increase of height was 4 cm in the 0-3 months group.By 3 months of age,the weight and height averaged 6.6 kg and 62 cm,respectively.In the 4-6 months group,the growth rate was reduced to a half of the 0-3 months group,with an average monthly weight and height gain was 0.5-0.6 kg and 2 cm respectively.The growth rate in the 7-12 months group was a half of the 4-6 months group.By 12 months of age,the weight and height average 9.9 kg and 75 cm,respectively.The average monthly weight and height gain in the 13-24 months group was 0.2 kg and 1 cm respectively,with an average weight and height of 12 kg and 87 cm respectively by 24 months of age.A steady growth was found in the 2-7 years group,with a yearly average weight and height increment of about 2 kg and 7 cm respectively.The formulas for approximate average weight and height in children between 2 and 7 years were as follows:age(yr)×2+8(kg)(weight);age(yr)×7+75(cm)(height).Conclusions The approximate weight and height of normal Chinese children under 7 years of age can be evaluated by the key parameters and formulas above mentioned.