重度颈动脉狭窄患者介入或药物治疗效果的长期随访

目的研究重度颈动脉狭窄患者的预后及其影响因素，前瞻性评价介入治疗或药物治疗的效果。方法103例脑卒中或TIA合并重度颈动脉狭窄患者意向性分组，分为介入组与药物治疗组。前者40例择期给予脑血管内支架置入术，后者63例给予抗血小板药物治疗。随访主要终点为发病2年时功能预后（mRS评定）；次要终点为血管事件（发病1、2年或2年以上）的发生率。结果两组的基线资料（性别、年龄、病史、收缩压、血脂、NIHSS、mRS）差异无统计学意义。在随访2年时，Logistic回归表明选择介入治疗是功能预后不良（mRS 3-6分）的独立保护性因素（RR=0．13，P=0．001，95％CI 0．036-0．460）。在发病1年和2年时血管事件发生率差异有统计学意义，介入组的血管事件发生率低于药物组（1年时，介入组：药物治疗组=12．5％：42．9％，OR 0．19，95％CI 0．07-0．55，P=0．001；2年时，介入组：药物治疗组=17．5％：47．6％，OR 0．23，95％CI 0．09-0．60，P=0．002）。进一步随访（随访时间2年以上）发现，两组血管事件发生的中位数时间分别为55个月和54个月，Kaplan-Meier分析结果提示差异无统计学意义。Cox回归提示选择介入治疗或药物治疗不是血管事件发生的独立影响因素（RR=1．063，95％CI 0．40～2．83，P=0．900）。结论对于重度颈动脉狭窄患者，介入治疗较单纯药物治疗能获得较好的功能预后；介入治疗能减少脑卒中或TIA发病后1年或2年时血管事件的发生；但是随访2年以上时，介入治疗未能减少血管事件发生。

Long-term effects of interventional therapy vs drug on severe carotid artery stenosis

Objective To identify the prognosis factors of the patients with high-degree carotid artery stenosis and evaluate the effect of different therapy prospectively.Methods A hundred and three patients with spoke or tansient ischemic attack(TIA)suffering from severe carotid artery stenosis were included into this study consectively.They were given intra-artery intervention or antiplatelet therapy based on clinical factors and the intension of the patients or their Legally Autllorized Representative (LAR)and thus divided into 2 groups.Forty patients were transplanted with stent,63 were given only with antiplatelet drugs.The major outcome of end-point was the 2-year functional prognosis evaluated by modified Rankin score(mRS),while the minor one was the cardiovascular events in 1 year.2 year or longer after the index stroke or TIA,which was defined as stroke,TIA,acute myocardic infarction(AMI)and sudden death in this study.Results There were no statistical significances of sex,years,medical histories,blood pressure, total cholesterol,triglyceide in two groups at baseline.For the major outcome,intra-artery intervention was an independent protective factor for impaired function(mRS 3-6)with the method of binary Logistic(RR= 0.13,P=0.001,95%CI 0.036-0.460).For the minor outcome,the incidence of the cardiovascular events in 1 year and 2 year after the index stroke or TIA was lower in the intra-artery intervention group than in the antiplatelet therapy(For 1 year follow up,intervention group:antiplatelet therapy group= 12.5%:42.9%,OR=0.19,95%CI 0.07-0.55,P=0.001;For 2 year follow up,17.5%:47.6%,OR =0.23,95%CI 0.09-0.60,P=0.002).The median time of cardiovascular events in the two groups was further investigated in 55 months and 54 months separately. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference.Survival analysis with Cox-regression showed that neither therapy of intra-artery intervention nor antiplatelet therapy was an independent factor for the cardiovascular events(RR=1.063,95%CI 0.40- 2.83,P=0.900).Conclusions For the stroke or TIA patients suffering from high-degree carotid artery stenosis,intra-artery intervention is superior pure drug therapy in achieving better theapeutical effect and reducing the incidence of the cardiovascular events after the index stroke or TIA.However,its long term effect needs further study.