湖南、四川部分男性青少年犯罪者精神障碍患病情况调查

目的:调查湖南、四川两省男性青少年暴力犯罪者的精神健康状况,比较湖南省暴力犯罪与非暴力犯罪青少年间精神障碍患病率的差异。方法:在湖南某未成年管教所随机抽取100 例( 实际完成91 例) 暴力犯罪青少年、65 例( 实际完成64 例) 非暴力犯罪青少年;在四川某未成年管教所随机抽取90 例( 实际完成81 例)暴力犯罪青少年;在湖南某中学抽取40 例( 实际完成39 例) 高中学生、四川某中学抽取50 例( 实际完成49 例)高中学生作为对照。以儿童少年精神障碍调查筛查表及半定式诊断检查表,以精神疾病诊断与统计手册- Ⅳ为诊断标准调查上述青少年精神障碍的患病状况。结果:湖南暴力犯罪组品行障碍(86.6%)、物质滥用(17.6%) 和物质依赖(9.9%) 的患病率,湖南非暴力犯罪组品行障碍(75.0%) 和物质滥用(11.7%) 的患病率均高于湖南对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四川暴力犯罪组注意缺陷障碍(17.3%)、对抗性障碍(18.5%)、品行障碍(69.1%)和物质滥用(22.2%) 的患病率均高于四川对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。湖南暴力犯罪组中63.7%、四川暴力犯罪组中55.6%、湖南非暴力犯罪组中45.0% 的青少年犯罪者有犯罪前科。结论:青少年犯罪者精神健康问题严重,迫切需要制定和实施针对青少年犯罪精神状况有效的评估和治疗方法,从而减少青少年犯罪的发生。

Prevalence of mental disorders in the male juvenile detention centers of Hunan and Sichuan

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems in male violent offenders of Hunan and Sichuan Provinces;and to compare the types and severity of problems between the violent and nonviolent o enders.Methods: Ninety-one violent juvenile offenders and 64 nonviolent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Hunan,and 81 violent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Sichuan;39 high school students from a middle school of Hunan Province and 49 from a middle school of Sichuan Province were investigated using the Investigation Screening Inventory for Child Mental Disorder and the Kiddy Schedule for A ective Diseases and Schizophrenia(K-SADS-PL),and classi ed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Results: In the Hunan violent group,86.6% met the criterion of conduct disorder(CD),17.6% of substance abuse,9.9% of substance dependence,while in the Hunan nonviolent group,75.0% met the criterion of CD,and 11.7% of substance abuse;these were all significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).In the Sichuan violent group,17.3% met the criterion of attention de cit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),18.5% of oppositional de ant disorder(ODD),69.1% of CD,and 22.2% of substance abuse;these were all significantly higher than those of the Sichuan control group.Moreover,63.7% of Hunan-violent,55.6% of Sichuan-violent,and 45.0% of Hunannonviolent o enders had a previous o ence records.Conclusion: Mental and behavioral disorders among delinquent youth is becoming a serious problem,and there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective assessment and treatment approaches for juvenile offenders with the aim of reducing offence and recidivism in this population.