星点设计-效应面法优化鹿角灵芝微乳超声提取工艺

目的 探讨以微乳超声法同时提取鹿角灵芝中灵芝酸和灵芝多糖的最佳条件。方法 采用星点设计-效应面法，以物料溶剂比(X₁)、超声提取时间(X₂)和超声功率(X₃)作为考察因素，以灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率为考察指标，并对考察因素和考察指标总评归一值进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合，以效应面优选最佳的微乳超声提取工艺，并做验证试验。结果 微乳超声提取鹿角灵芝的最佳条件为物料溶剂比1∶18、超声提取时间59 min、超声功率513 W，此条件下灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率分别为0.647 8，0.108 5，11.20 mg·g^-1和34.28%。结论 微乳超声可同时提取鹿角灵芝中脂溶性和水溶性成分，并且节能、省时、操作简便，为工业化提取鹿角灵芝提供了新途径。

Optimization of Microemulsion Ultrasonic Extraction Technology of Antler-shape Ganoderma Lucidum by Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology

OBJECTIVE To investigate the Optimum conditions of microemulsion ultrasonic method in extracting ganoderic acid and polysaccharides of antler-shape Ganoderma lucidum. METHODS Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction. The ratio of water to material(X₁), ultrasonic extracting time(X₂) and ultrasonic power(X₃) were selected as examine factors, whereas, the ganoderic acids A and C₂, the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction content and the amount of extraction were set as evaluation targets. Multiple linear regression and binomial fitting were used to estimate the relationship between overall desirability and examine factors. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process of microemulsion ultrasound extraction. Confirmatory tests were carried out in the end. RESULTS The best condition of microemulsion ultrasonic method in extraction of the antler-shape Ganoderma Lucidum was that the ratio of water to material was 18, ultrasonic extracting time was 59 min, ultrasonic power was 513 W. Under this condition, the ganoderic acids A and C₂, the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction content was respectively 0.647 8, 0.108 5, 11.20 mg·g^-1 and the amount of extraction was 34.28%. CONCLUSION Mcroemulsion ultrasonic method provides a new way for the industrial extraction of antler-shape Ganoderma lucidum. It can extract water and fat soluble components simultaneously, moreover, it is a simple energy-saving, time-saving and operations method.