基因突变动物模型在《医学遗传学》实验教学中的应用

目的在《医学遗传学》实验教学中引入基因突变动物模型,并调查其在分子遗传诊断课程中的应用价值,以期促进医学生对基因突变检测原理与技术的理解,并有效提高医学生解决实际遗传诊断问题的能力。方法对首都医科大学2011级和2012级基础医学专业80名本科生开设分子遗传诊断实验,以无毛突变小鼠为实验对象,通过动物组织提取基因组DNA,并以提取的DNA作为模板,采用PCR方法对目的片段进行扩增,电泳鉴定PCR产物及应用凝胶成像系统对结果进行分析,观察基因突变动物模型—无毛小鼠表型特征与其基因型的内在联系。针对实验效果,设计调查问卷,分析学生反馈。结果问卷调查各项指标满意率均达到90%以上,98.7%的学生认为新的实验教学模式有助于对专业实验技能的掌握,96%的学生认为该实验课程有效提高了他们解决问题的能力。结论应用基因突变动物模型开展分子遗传诊断实验能够切实提高学生的学习效果,培养学生的综合素质。同时也为医学院校在教学中如何充分利用实验动物模型拓展教学内容和教学手段提供了借鉴。

Application of mutated inbred animal models in the experimental teaching of medical genetics

Objective Mutated inbred animal model is introduced to the practical course of genetic diagnosis in the hope that medical students are able to apply what they have learned to clinical cases, based on a deep understanding of principle and technology on gene mutation detection. Methods We integrated DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gel imaging analysis into a comprehensive experiment and arranged 4-year-programme undergraduates majoring in preclinical medical sciences to conduct it with the purpose of investigating the internal relations between phenotype and genotype in a hairless Uncv mouse model. Subsequently, the questionnaire aimed at evaluating learning effect on the part of students was handed out and their feedbacks were analyzed. Results More than 90% of respondents are satisfied with the general learning effect. Especially, 98.7% of students support the enhancing effect of the new teaching mode on their research skills and 96% consider the practical course helpful to their problem-solving ability. Conclusions The introduction of mutated inbred animal model to the practical system of molecular diagnostics proves beneficial to boost students'' learning effect and scientific research quality. Our practice also provokes thoughts on the further utilization of animal models in teaching system of medical sciences.