舟山市多种类型水源水及生活饮用水水质的监测分析

目的]了解舟山群岛多种类型水源水及生活饮用水水质状况,分析海水淡化饮用水与其他永源混合应用的价值,为确保饮用水安全提供依据.方法]抽取舟山市疾病预防控制中心实验室2009-2011年受检的水库水270份、河水222份、市政生活饮用水192份;舟山市自来水公司实验室2009-2011年受检的大陆引水36份;嵊泗县疾病预防控制中心实验室2009-2011年受检的海水淡化水128份、2004-2006年受检的海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品299份;对生活饮用水、海水淡化水、海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品的菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、硼、总硬度、氯化物等指标及水库水、河水、大陆引水样品的氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、溶解氧、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、粪大肠菌群等指标检测结果进行分析判定. 结果]水源水中,水库水总氮合格率为46.7％,其他检测指标合格率均较高;河水主要污染性指标检测结果合格率均较低,总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数均超过国家地表水环境功能分类Ⅲ类水源的限值,氨氮、总氮等个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准;大陆引水一期工程水样本氨氮、总氮检测的合格率仅分别为41.7％和8.3％,氨氮、总氮等个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准.生活饮用水中,海水淡化水硼合格率仅为21.6％,其他检测指标合格率均较高;市政生活饮用水、海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品检测指标合格率均较高. 结论]舟山群岛饮用水水源水主要污染性指标检测结果合格率均较低,多项指标已超过国家地表水环境功能分类Ⅲ类水源的限值,个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准.海水淡化水与大陆引水可混合应用,但其存在一定的潜在风险.

Surveillance Data Analysis of Multi-Sources of Water and Drinking Water

Objective ] To test the quality of drinking water from multiple sources in Zhoushan archipelago, to evaluate the value of hybrid application of desalinated seawater and water of other sources, and to provide reference for drinking water safety. Methods ] Various water samples were collected, including 270 samples of reservoir water, 222 samples of river water, and 192 samples of municipal supply water tested by Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention （2009-2011）; 36 samples of water diverted from Ningbo city by Zhoushan Water Supply Company （2009-2011）; and 128 samples of desalinated seawater （2009-2011） as well as 299 hybrid samples of desalinated seawater and surface water （2004-2006） by Shengsi County Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Analyses included aerobic plate count, thermotolerant coliform, boron, total hardness, and chloride in the samples of municipal ~upply water, desalinized seawater, and hybrid of desalinized seawater and surface water, as well as ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, five-day biochemical oxygen demand （BODS）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index, and faecal coliform counts in water samples from reservoirs, rivers, and diverted water. Results ] The reservoir water samples showed relatively high qualification rates in all indicators except total nitrogen （46.7%）. The qualification rates of all indicators were relatively low in the river water samples, the levels of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and permanganate exceeded the limit of Category III water source according to the national classification of surface water environmental functions, and the levels of some other indicators including ammonia and total nitrogen were beyond the limit of Category V. Only 41.7% and 8.3% of diversion water samples were within the limits of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen respectively, and some other indicators including ammonia and total nitrogen went beyond the limit of Category V water source. In the desalinated seawater samples, barely 21.6% were qualified in the boron indicator, but the rates were high in the rest indicators. As to the samples from municipal supply water and the hybrid of desalinated water and surface water, the qualification rates of all indicators were relatively high. Conclusion ] The qualification rates of 8pollution indicators detected are relatively low and many exceed the limit of national Category Ⅲ water source, some of them go beyond the limit of Category V, in the source water of Zhoushan archipelago. There are potential risks in the hybrid application of desalinated seawater and mainland diversion water.