213例小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨小儿下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性。方法选取2011年4月至2012年4月在我院就诊的下呼吸道感染的患儿213例，对其痰培养结果进行回顾性分析。结果213例小儿下呼吸道感染患者中，共检出致病菌112株，其中革兰阴性菌占68．75％（77／112），革兰阳性菌占31．25％（35／112），以肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌较为常见，三者的耐药性具有一定的差异。结论小儿下呼吸道感染的病原菌主要为革兰阴性菌，其常见病原菌为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌；不同病原菌的耐药性不同，临床上应根据药敏试验，合理选用抗生素，以提高治疗疗效，降低耐药性的发生。

Analysis on the Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution and Drug Resistance of 213 Pediatric Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of children with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods 213 cases of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatrics department of Hengyang maternal and child health hospital from April 2011 to April 2012 were selected to retrospectively analyze the sputum culture results. Results 213 cases of children with lower respiratory tract infection were detected in 112 strains of pathogenic bacteria, including gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.75% （77/112）, gram positive bacteria accounted for 31.25% （35/112）, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were common, the three drug resistance had certain difference. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the mainly pathogenic bacteria of children with lower respiratory tract infection, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the common pathogenic bacteria. The pathogen resistances are different, so the antibiotics should be choosen reasonablely according to drug sensitivity test in clinic.