Effect of smoking on cadmium and lead concentrations in human amniotic fluid |
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Authors: | C P Siegers J R Jungblut F Klink F Oberheuser |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Toxicology, Medical School of Lübeck, D-2400 Lübeck F.R.G.;1. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Lübeck, D-2400 Lübeck F.R.G. |
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Abstract: | The amniotic fluids of 155 pregnant women, non-smokers (n = 128) and smokers (n = 27), were investigated on their cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations. The mean +/- s range of Cd in the amniotic fluid of non-smokers amounted to 2.58 +/- 1.36 ng/l, that of smokers to 7.29 +/- 2.39 micrograms/l. Moreover, there was a correlation between the extent of daily cigarette consumption and Cd levels. With Pb, higher concentrations were found ranging between 23.98 +/- 9.41 ng/l for non-smokers and 21.53 +/- 7.16 micrograms/l for smokers. No correlations were seen between age, week of pregnancy, blood pressure, disorders of pregnancy and the amniotic Cd or Pb concentrations. Thus, the maternal and fetal risks of the higher Cd levels in the amniotic fluid of smoking women remain unanswered. |
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Keywords: | Cadmium lead amniotic fluid smoking |
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