The role of childhood maltreatment in the altered trait and global expression of personality in cocaine addiction |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Orthopaedic surgery, CHA Bundang medical center, CHA university, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Gyeongsang national university, college of medicine, Gyeongsang national university Changwon hospital, 1, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51472, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Kimball Tower, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;2. Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 424 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;1. Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, UC Davis, 4610 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;2. Ohio State University, College of Social Work, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;4. Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;5. Penn State College of Nursing, 201 Nursing Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsDrug addictions are debilitating disorders that are highly associated with personality abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) is a common risk factor for addiction and personality disturbances, but the relationships between ELS, addiction, and personality are poorly understood.MethodsNinety-five research participants were assessed for and grouped by ELS history and cocaine dependence. NEO-FFI personality measures were compared between the groups to define ELS− and addiction-related differences in personality traits. ELS and cocaine dependence were then examined as predictors of personality trait scores. Finally, k-means clustering was used to uncover clusters of personality trait configurations within the sample. Odds of cluster membership across subject groups was then determined.ResultsTrait expression differed significantly across subject groups. Cocaine-dependent subjects with a history of ELS (cocaine+/ELS+) displayed the greatest deviations in normative personality. Cocaine dependence significantly predicted four traits, while ELS predicted neuroticism and agreeableness; there was no interaction effect between ELS and cocaine dependence. The cluster analysis identified four distinct personality profiles: Open, Gregarious, Dysphoric, and Closed. Distribution of these profiles across subject groups differed significantly. Inclusion in cocaine+/ELS+, cocaine-/ELS+, and cocaine-/ELS− groups significantly increased the odds of expressing the Dysphoric, Open and Gregarious profiles, respectively.ConclusionsCocaine dependence and early life stress were significantly and differentially associated with altered expression of individual personality traits and their aggregation as personality profiles, suggesting that individuals who are at-risk for developing addictions due to ELS exposure may benefit from personality centered approaches as an early intervention and prevention. |
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| Keywords: | Childhood maltreatment Addiction Five-factor model Personality Person-centered Resilience |
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