Trajectories of depression following spousal and child bereavement: A comparison of the heterogeneity in outcomes |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, USA;3. School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;1. Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th St, Box 102, New York, NY 10027, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, School of Medicine, USA;1. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA;2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA;3. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Foundation Centrum ’45, Diemen, The Netherlands;1. National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing. 10, SE 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden |
| |
| Abstract: | Our understanding of how individuals react to the loss of a close loved one comes largely from studies of spousal bereavement. The extent to which findings are relevant to other bereavements is uncertain. A major methodological limitation of current studies has been a reliance on retrospective reporting of functioning and use of samples of individuals who have self-selected for participant in grief research. To address these limitations, in the current study we applied Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) in a prospective population-based sample to identify trajectories of depression following spousal and child bereavement in later life. The sample consisted of 2512 individual bereaved adults who were assessed once before and three times after their loss. Four discrete trajectories were identified: Resilience (little or no depression; 68.2%), Chronic Grief (an onset of depression following loss; 13.2%), Depressed-Improved (high pre-loss depression that decreased following loss; 11.2%), and Pre-existing Chronic Depression (high depression at all assessments; 7.4%). These trajectories were present for both child and spousal loss. There was some evidence that child loss in later life was associated more strongly with the Chronic Grief trajectory and less strongly with the Resilience trajectory. However these differences disappeared when covariates were included in the model. Limitations of the analyses are discussed. These findings increase our understanding of the variety of outcomes following bereavement and underscore the importance of using prospective designs to map heterogeneity of response outcomes. |
| |
| Keywords: | Bereavement Depression Resilience Latent growth mixture modeling Adjustment |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
