Enhancing decision-making and cognitive impulse control with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): A randomized and sham-controlled exploratory study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan;2. Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan;3. Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan;4. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine & Biotechnology and Margret & H.A. Rey Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics in Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;1. Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA;1. Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;2. Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia 25125, Italy;3. Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Institute of Biomedicine Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;4. Fundació Bosch i Gimpera (FBG), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;5. Neuroscience Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundDecision-making and impulse control (both cognitive and motor) are complex interrelated processes which rely on a distributed neural network that includes multiple cortical and subcortical regions. Among them, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to be particularly relevant as demonstrated by several neuropsychological and neuroimaging investigations.MethodsIn the present study we assessed whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied bilaterally over the OFC is able to modulate decision-making and cognitive impulse control. More specifically, 45 healthy subjects were randomized to receive a single 30-min session of active or sham anodal tDCS (1.5 mA) applied over either the left or the right OFC (coupled with contralateral cathodal tDCS). They were also assessed pre- and post-tDCS with a battery of computerized tasks.ResultsOur results show that participants who received active anodal tDCS (irrespective of laterality), vs. those who received sham tDCS, displayed more advantageous decision-making (i.e., increased Iowa Gambling Task “net scores” [p = 0.04]), as well as improved cognitive impulse control (i.e., decreased “interference” in the Stroop Word-Colour Task [p = 0.007]). However, we did not observe tDCS-related effects on mood (assessed by visual analogue scales), attentional levels (assessed by the Continuous Performance Task) or motor impulse control (assessed by the Stop-Signal Task).ConclusionsOur study potentially serves as a key translational step towards the development of novel non-invasive neuromodulation-based therapeutic interventions directly targeting vulnerability factors for psychiatric conditions such as suicidal behaviour and addiction. |
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| Keywords: | Decision-making Impulse control Neuromodulation Transcranial direct current stimulation Orbitofrontal cortex |
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