儿童急性中毒151例临床与急救分析

目的总结儿童急性中毒的救治经验.方法回顾分析所收治的急性中毒151例.结果轻度中毒103例(68.21%),重度中毒48例(31.78%);胃肠道损伤130例(86.09%);重要脏器损伤均发生在重度中毒患儿;灭鼠药、有机磷农药、毒蕈以神经系统损伤为主;鱼胆以肾脏损伤为主,其次是肝脏和心脏;四季豆以胃肠道损伤为主;治愈128例(84.77%);9例(5.96%)重度中毒者留有后遗症;死亡6例,占中毒总人数4.0%,占重度中毒12.50%.结论中毒是小儿意外损伤的主要原因,早期发现、正确诊断、及时治疗是提高抢救成功率、减少后遗症的关键;加强管理及教育可以避免中毒的发生.

Clinical Analysis and Emergency Treatment of 151 Children with Acute Toxicosis

Objective To summarize the experience of treating children with acute toxicosis.Methods Analyze retrospectively 151 children with acute toxicosis.Results The low-grade toxicosis is 103 cases (68.21%), the serious is 48 cases (31.78%); gastrointestinal trauma is 130 cases (86.09%); all the trauma of the important viscera occurred in the serious ones. Rodenticide, pesticide and toadstool mainly bring about the trauma of nerve system; acute fish gall bladder poisoning mainly brings about the trauma of kidney, secondarily heart and liver. Kidney bean mainly brings about gastrointestinal trauma with the cure rate of 128(84.77%). 9 cases (5.96%)of serious ones occurred squeal with 6 cases of death , covering 4.0% of the total of toxicosis cases and 12.50% of the serious ones.Conclusions Toxicosis is the main reason for the accidental injury of children. To improve the rate of rescue and decrease the sequela, the key is to diagnose early and cure accurately in time. Education and supervision should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence of toxicosis.