大麻化学成分及其种属差异研究进展

大麻Cannabis sativa为大麻科大麻属一年生草本植物,常雌雄异株,原产于中亚等地,现今在各国分布广泛,有野生或栽培,多变种。作为一种古老的植物,大麻有数千年的使用史,其纤维被应用于很多方面,但也因含有精神活性成分四氢大麻酚(THC)而广受争议,被联合国禁毒公约列为与海洛因、可卡因并列的三大毒品之一。如今随着人们对大麻的认识逐渐加深及全面,其在纺织、日化、医药等领域显露出巨大的经济价值而被广泛研究。该文主要对国内外关于大麻化学成分以及种属差异的相关文献进行综述,以期为大麻的研究提供一定参考依据。

Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa and its variation in different types

Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana or hemp, is an annual herb which belongs to Cannabinaceae family. It is often dioecious, originally produced in Central Asia and now is widely distributed in the world, wild or cultivated, with many varieties. As an ancient plant, C.sativa has been used for thousands of years, and its fiber has been used in many aspects, but it is also widely disputed because it contains tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), a psychoactive ingredient. It has been listed as one of the three major drugs by "United Nations Drug Convention", along with heroin and cocaine. Nowadays, with the deepening and comprehensive understanding of C.sativa, it has been widely studied because of its great economic value in the fields of textile, chemicals for daily use, medicine and so on. In this paper, the literature about the chemical compositios and species variation of C.sativa at home and abroad was reviewed in order to provide some reference for its researches.