我国53 316名专科护士职业发展情况调查研究

目的 调查中国专科护士的工作现状,为进一步完善专科护士培养,加强专科护士使用与管理提供参考依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市的53 316名专科护士进行问卷调查。结果 96.5%的专科护士从事临床护理工作,其中专科护理相关工作居多,占97.7%,参与专科护理会诊和护理门诊的专科护士分别占63.6%和59.7%。专科护士认为影响自身发挥作用的主要因素有人力不足、职责不明确、未分层使用和缺少来自管理层的支持,分别占81.1%、56.4%、47.6%和46.5%。专科护士感受方面,对医院的重视和支持、医院提供再培训和学习的机会、职称或职位晋升优先权、专科岗位绩效/津贴4个方面表示非常满意的分别占51.5%、37.7%、31.0%和27.9%。在专科护士需要的支持方面,84.6%的专科护士提出需要提高专科护士待遇;73.4%的专科护士表示需要提供参加专科相关培训的机会;70.2%的专科护士表示需要提供发挥作用的平台;65.8%的专科护士提出需要增加专科护士工作岗位。 结论 中国专科护士的工作内容目前以临床专科护理为主,护理教学、护理管理和护理科研方面的参与度有待进一步加强。人力不足、职责不明确和未分层使用是专科护士认为影响自身发挥作用的主要因素。专科护士对职业发展的满意度亟待提高,建议护理管理者提供专科相关培训和发挥作用的平台,促进专科护士职业发展。

Investigation on career development of 53,316 specialist nurses in China

Objective To investigate the current practice of specialist nurses in China. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey among 53,316 specialist nurses in 31 provinces using convenience sampling. Results Among the investigated specialist nurses,96.5% were engaged in clinical nursing care,and most of them were practicing specialized nursing care（97.7%）. Specialist nurses participating in specialist consultation and nursing care in the outpatient departments accounted for 63.6% and 59.7% respectively. For the influencing factors,81.1% of the specialist nurses proposed insufficient manpower;56.4% proposed that the duties were not clear;47.6% proposed that they did not function based on competence;46.5% proposed that support from management was lacking. For the satisfaction of career development,51.5% expressed great satisfaction with the hospitals’ support for specialist nurses;37.7% were very satisfied with the opportunities offered by hospitals for retraining and learning;31% were satisfied with the opportunity of promotion;27.9% were satisfied with the salary and welfare given by hospitals. For the needed supports,84.6% proposed to improve the income of specialist nurses;73.4% needed opportunities to participate in specialist-related training;70.2% indicated that they needed a platform for their function;65.8% suggested that job positions were needed. Conclusion The main work of specialist nurses in China is clinical specialist nursing. Nursing teaching,nursing management and nursing research need to be further strengthened. Lacking of manpower,unclear responsibilities and unstratified usage are the main factors affecting the role of specialist nurses. The satisfaction of specialist nurses to career development is not high,and hospitals should provide all aspects of supports.