基于区域分布的常见中药材生态种植模式

中药生态农业作为环境友好型农业,正在全国各地如火如荼的推行。由于中药材生产对自然环境条件的依赖性很强,中药生态农业在生产实践中表现出明显的地域差异。该文收集整理了各区域较为成熟的代表性中药材生态种植模式,如药粮间套作、轮作种植模式,林下种植模式,野生抚育种植模式和景观生态种植模式等,参考《全国道地药材生产基地建设规划(2018—2025年)》和《中国中药区划》,结合生产实践,对全国8大区域的中药材生态种植模式进行系统梳理,提出了各地中药材生态种植模式有:东北地区的人参林下种植模式、华北地区的连翘仿野生种植模式、华东地区的浙贝母-水稻轮作栽培模式、华中地区的黄精林下仿野生种植模式、华南地区的阳春砂林下种植模式、西南地区的川芎-水稻水旱轮作模式、西北地区的甘草野生抚育种植模式以及青藏地区唐古特大黄仿野生种植模式等。通过梳理全国各区域常见中药材生态种植模式,以期为各分布区域内其他中药材的生态种植模式的筛选和推广应用提供参考。

Pattern of ecological planting for Chinese materia medica based on regional distribution

As an environment-friendly agriculture,ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica(CMM)is being implemented in all parts of the country.Due to the stronger dependence on natural environmental conditions,ecological agriculture of CMM shows obvious regional differences in production practice.More mature CMM ecological planting patterns representative of each region were collected.It was found that common types of patterns in various regions of the country mainly included intercropping,intercropping,rotation planting mode,undergrowth planting mode,wild tending planting mode and landscape ecological planting mode.Based on the Construction Plan of National Dao-di Herbs Production Base(2018—2025)and Chinese Medicine Division,this paper systematically sorts out the pattern of ecological planting of CMM in the 8-avenue medicinal materials production areas according to the varieties and regions.The specific pattern of ecological planting of CMM included the ginseng undergrowth planting pattern in northeastern China,the bionics wild ecological planting of the Forsythia suspensa in northern China,the Fritillaria thunbergii-rice rotation in eastern China,the imitation wild planting pattern under the Polygonatum cyrtonema in central China,the planting pattern of the Fructus amomi under forest in southern China,the Ligusticum chuanxiong-rice rotation pattern in the Southwest,wild tending of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the Northwest,and rhubarb imitation wild planting pattern in Qinghai-Tibet area.Finally,it is expected to provide reference for the screening and popularization of ecological planting patterns of other CMMs in various distribution areas.