植物生长调节剂在中药材中的应用及安全性评价研究进展

植物生长调节剂是一类具有与植物激素相似生理活性的人工合成农药,被广泛应用于粮食、蔬菜、水果、花卉等作物中,已成为作物高产、稳产、优质、高效生产的重要技术保障。近年来,植物生长调节剂在中药材生产中也广泛应用,对于调控中药材生长发育、提高产量发挥了一定的作用,但中药材不同于一般的作物,使用植物生长调节剂不仅要考虑对中药材产量的影响,还应特别注意对中药材有效性和安全性的影响。该文综述了植物生长调节剂在中药材中的应用情况、对中药材质量和安全性的影响、以及植物生长调节剂的残留限量标准和检测技术等,以期为今后科学使用植物生长调节剂,促进中药材规范化种植,保障中药用药安全提供科学依据。目前中药材生产中盲目使用滥用壮根灵、膨大素等植物生长调节剂现象普遍,已导致一些中药材的质量显著下降,同时造成对中药材和栽培环境的双重残留危害,给人类健康造成严重安全隐患。今后应加强植物生长调节剂在中药材中的登记管理、使用规范和限量标准制定,规范管理以肥代药规避农药登记等乱象,为中药材质量及安全性监测提供依据。同时,鼓励中药材生产中有针对性地减施或不施植物生长调节剂,特别是对多有效成分的药材。提倡中药材进行有机种植或生态种植。

Application and safety evaluation of plant growth regulators in traditional Chinese medicine

Plant growth regulator is a kind of synthetic pesticide with similar physiological activity to plant hormones. It has been widely used in grain, vegetables, fruits, flowers and other crops, and become an important technical guarantee for high yield, stable yield, high quality and efficient production of crops. In recent years, plant growth regulator is widely used in Chinese herbal medicine production for regulating the growth and development and increasing production of traditional. However the crop is different from general Chinese medicinal materials, the use of plant growth regulator should not only consider the effect of Chinese herbal medicine production, and also pay special attention to the influence of Chinese traditional medicine efficacy and safety. This paper reviewed the application of plant growth regulator in the traditional Chinese medicine, the impact on the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials, as well as plant growth regulator of residue limits standards and testing technology, so as to the scientific use of plant growth regulator, to promote Chinese standardization planting, provide the scientific basis to protect the safety of herbal medicine. At present, the indiscriminate use and abuse of plant growth regulators such as Zhuanggenling and bulking element are common in the production of Chinese crude drugs, which has led to a significant decline in the quality of some Chinese crude drugs, and resulted in the dual residual harm to the Chinese crude drugs and the cultivation environment, causing serious safety risks to human health. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the registration management, use norms and limit standards of plant growth regulators in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and strengthen the supervision and regulations on the use of fertilizer instead of medicine to avoid pesticide registration and other disorders, so as to provide a basis for the quality and safety monitoring of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Simultaneously, it is encouraged to reduction or non-application of plant growth regulators in the production of Chinese medicinal materials, especially for traditional Chinese medicine which contains a variety of active ingredients. Therefore, it is actively advocated to cultivate Chinese medicinal materials through organic or ecological method.