中药生态农业发展的土地利用策略

随着大健康产业的快速发展,中药材的需求量越来越大,中药材种植面积在不断增加,对土地的需求量也越来越多。该文通过对中药材种植生境需求特性进行分析发现,野生与栽培环境条件相比,野生环境更有利于药用植物品质和抗逆性的提高,而大田单一栽培并不是中药材种植的最优模式,栽培药用植物的可持续发展面临困境。中药生态种植是实现中药材优质、高效可持续生产的必由之路,因此,针对药用植物在野生状态下的生境分布特点,结合我国土地资源利用及中药材种植对土地需求量不断增加的现状,提出中药材生态农业的土地利用策略:①大力发展林下种植,改变现有的大田栽培模式;②充分利用山地、荒坡地开展野生抚育或仿生栽培;③遵循药用植物自身的发展规律及生物学特性,因地制宜地合理开发利用土地资源。这样既可以满足中药材对特定生长环境的要求,实现中药材产业的可持续发展,又可以增加山区人民的经济收入,为中药材土地利用问题提供科学有效的解决方法,对保护野生中药材也具有重要意义。

Land use strategy of ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica in future development

With the rapid development of comprehensive health industry,the demand for Chinese medicinal materials is increasing.There is also a growing demand for land for the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.Based on the analysis of the demand characteristics of planting habitats for Chinese medicinal herbs,this paper finds that compared with the cultivated environment,the wild environment is more conducive to the improvement of the quality and stress resistance of medicinal plants.The eco-planting for Chinese medicinal materials is the only way to achieve high quality,efficient and sustainable production of traditional Chinese medicine.Therefore,according to the habitat distribution characteristics of wild medicinal plants,combined with the current situation of land resource utilization in China and the increasing demand for land for Chinese herbal medicine cultivation,the land use strategy of Chinese herbal medicine ecological agriculture was proposed.①To vigorously develop underwood planting and change the existing field cultivation mode.②To make full use of mountainous areas and barren slopes to carry out wild planta tending or planting imitates wild condition.③According to the development law and biological characteristics of medicinal plants,the land resources should be developed and used rationally according to local conditions.This can not only meet the requirements of the specific growth environment of Chinese medicinal materials,realize the sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry,but also increase the economic income of people in mountainous areas,provide scientific and effective solutions for the land use of Chinese medicinal materials,and also have important significance for the protection of wild Chinese medicinal materials.