肠道菌群与中枢神经系统发育及免疫相关研究进展

中枢神经系统的发育受内源性信息和外源性信号的共同调控,生理和病理条件下的环境因素都可以影响神经系统的活动。肠道菌群可以通过多种途径影响中枢神经系统,调节神经系统发育中的重要过程,包括神经发生、髓鞘形成、神经胶质细胞功能、突触修剪和血脑屏障通透性,并与中枢神经系统疾病的发生过程有关。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了肠道菌群通过肠-脑轴(神经-内分泌途径、迷走神经、免疫及血脑屏障)及相关的神经递质(短链脂肪酸、5-羟色胺、γ-氨基丁酸、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸、脑源性神经营养因子)对中枢神经系统发育的作用,进一步了解了肠道菌群与中枢神经系统相互作用的免疫细胞(小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞)和免疫相关的通路(炎症小体通路、IFN-I通路、NF-κB通路)。探讨了肠道菌群在癫痫、胶质瘤等疾病治疗的潜在意义。

The role of the gut microbiota in development and immunity of the central nervous system

The development of the central nervous system is regulated by both endogenous information and exogenous signals. Environmental factors under physiological and pathological conditions can affect the activity of the nervous system. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain plays an important role in the development of the nervous system, such as neurogenesis, myelination, glial cell function, synaptic pruning and blood‐brain barrier permeability, and promotes the occurrence of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we discussed the influence of intestinal flora to central nervous system development through the gut-brain axis (neuro-endocrine pathway, vagus nerve, immune and blood-brain barrier) and related neurotransmitters (short-chain fatty acids, serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid andbrain-derived neurotrophic factor). What′s more, we further summarized the immune cells (microglia, astrocytes) and immune-related pathways (inflammatory corpuscle pathway, IFN-I pathway, NF-κB pathway) involving in interaction between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, and explored the potential therapeutic roles of the intestinal flora in the epilepsy, brain tumors.