汽油、甲醇燃烧汽车尾气类雌激素活性研究

目的探讨汽油、甲醇燃烧汽车尾气的雌激素样作用，为甲醇取代汽油作为汽车燃料提供卫生学依据．方法采用环境雌激索基因重组酵母测评系统，分别测定汽油、甲醇燃烧汽车尾气的雌激素活性。结果汽油燃烧汽车尾气在高剂量1000mL／mL时吸光度值（A600）仅为0．081，与二甲亚砜（DMSO）对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），说明汽油尾气在该剂量下对酵母细胞有毒性作用；汽油燃烧汽车尾气在31．25mL／mL荆量时检出雌激素活性，与DMSO对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其他各荆量组均未检出雌激素活性。甲醇燃烧汽车尾气各剂量组与DMSO对照组相比，A600差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），也未检出雌激素活性．结论以汽油作为燃料的汽车尾气具有微弱雌激素样作用，以甲醇作为燃料的汽车尾气无雌激素样作用。

Estrogenic Effects of Gasoline-fueled Vehicle Exhausts and Methanol-fueled Vehicle Exhausts

Objective To investigate the estrogenic effects of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts and methanol-fueled vehicle exhausts and provide a scientific basis for replacement of gasoline by methanol as fuel in vehicle. Methods The estrogen-like activities of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts and methanol-fueled vehicle exhausts were detected using the recombinant yeast estrogen system. Results The A_ 600 value of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts was 0.081 when the concentration of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts was 1000 mL/mL, and there were significantly statistical differences as compared with those of the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group(P<0.05), which indicated that such concentration had poisonous effects on yeast cell; when the concentration of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts was 31.25 mL/mL, the estrogen-like activities of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts could be detected, and there were significantly statistical differences as compared with those of the DMSO control group(P<0.05). Besides, the estrogen-like activities could not be detected in other groups with various concentrations. The estrogen-like activities of methanol-fueled vehicle exhausts could not be detected, and there were no significantly statistical differences in A_ 600 value (P>0.05)when each group was compared with the DMSO control group. Conclusion Gasoline-fueled vehicle exhausts have weak estrogenic effects, whereas methanol-fueled vehicle exhausts have no such effects.