Nitric oxide is not involved in the killing of Trypanosoma cruzi by chicken macrophages

It is known that chicken macrophages derived in vitro from blood monocytes have the capacity to destroy Trypanosoma cruzi, but Toxoplasma gondii can survive within these cells. This study was performed to determine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the killing of T. cruzi by chicken macrophages. Activated (by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide) mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as controls. Macrophages were infected with T. cruzi and T. gondii; after 2, 24, and 48 h, NO was assayed using the Griess reagent. Respiratory-burst involvement, revealed by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), was determined in chicken macrophages. Chicken macrophages did not produce NO; mouse macrophages were capable of producing NO with no multiplication of parasites. Reduction of NBT could be detected in chicken macrophages that interacted with T. cruzi but was absent in those that interacted with T. gondii. These results demonstrate that chicken macrophages do not use NO as a microbicidal agent when infected with T. cruzi or T. gondii. Received: 1 June 1999 / Accepted: 18 August 1999