Immunologic selection against simian virus-40 transformed cells: Concomitant loss of viral antigens and early viral gene sequences

A clonal line of highly oncogenic "spontaneously transformed" mouse cells (T AL/N clone 3) was transformed in tissue culture by simian virus 40 (SV40) and subsequently recloned. The clone of SV40-transformed cells (subclone 1) expressed SV40-specific T (nuclear) and transplantation antigens but was 100 times less tumorigenic than the parent T AL/N clone 3 cells. When large numbers of subclone 1 cells (10(4)-10(5)) were injected into syngeneic AL/N mice, tumors were produced. From the tumors, cell lines were established in culture, all of which were consistently negative for T antigen. Tumor lines tested were found not to contain SV40-specific transplantation antigen and had again become highly tumorigenic. The original subclone 1 cells contained about one copy of SV40 DNA per diploid amount of cell DNA, as well as RNA complementary to the early region of the SV40 genome. The T antigen-negative cells from tumor line 124 contained approximately 0.5 copy of SV40 DNA per diploid equivalent and did not synthesize any detectable virus-specific RNA. Reassociation kinetic analysis with restriction enzyme fragments of viral DNA demonstrated that the cells from tumor line 124 (and also the clones of this line) had lost DNA sequences predominantly from the early region of the SV40 genome. The results indicate that a set of stably integrated SV40 DNA sequences can be present in a cell without the expression of viral antigens.