早期腹膜外骨盆填塞联合外固定支架治疗血流动力不稳定骨盆骨折

目的 探讨早期运用腹膜外骨盆填塞术联合骨盆外固定支架治疗血流动力不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效.方法 2004年12月至2009年12月,运用早期腹膜外骨盆填塞术联合骨盆外固定支架固定治疗15例血流动力不稳定骨盆骨折患者,男6例,女9例;年龄38～56岁,平均(44.0±1.2)岁.骨折根据Tile分型:B1型3例,B2-2型2例;C1-1型1例,C1-2型2例,C1-3型2例,C2型3例,C3型2例.15例患者均伴有低血容量性休克,且均采取急诊骨盆外固定支架固定与腹膜外骨盆填塞术.结果 15例患者术后的红细胞输注单位数与术前相比显著减少,血红蛋白、红细胞压积及收缩压与术前相比显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);脉率与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).手术时间为30～40 min,平均(32.0±2.6)min.5例患者术后死亡,死亡时间为术后1～7 d,平均(72.0±4.2)h.在收缩压、脉率、血红蛋白、损伤严重程度评分、红细胞压积、红细胞输注单位数等方面,死亡患者与存活患者相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).但在年龄和受伤至手术时间方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对于血流动力不稳定骨盆骨折患者,尤其是伴有低血容量性休克者,急诊行腹膜外骨盆填塞术联合骨盆外固定支架固定可以有效控制骨折端与骶前静脉丛的广泛渗血,明显改善患者的血流动力学参数,并可显著降低患者的死亡率.

Extraperitoneal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures

Objective To discuss clinical outcomes of extraperitoneal pelvic packing (EPP) plus external fixation for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Methods We used EPP plus external fixation to control 15 cases of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures from further damage. They were 6 males and 9 females. Their average age was (44. 0 ± 1.2) (38 to 56) years old. Their injury was caused by a traffic accident (13 patients) and falling from a great height (2 patients). According to the Tile classification,there were 3 cases of type B1, 2 cases of type B2-2, 5 cases of type C1, 3 cases of type C2, and 2 cases of type C3. All the 15 patients were hemodynamically unstable and had a hypovolemic shock. Results There was a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure, hematocrit and hemoglobin measured immediately after EPP( P < 0. 05) . However, the units of RBC transfusion significantly decreased( P <0.05) and there were no significant difference in pulse rate( P > 0. 05) . The average operation time was (32.0 ± 2.6) min(30 to 40 min). Five patients died (72. 0 ± 4.2) h after operation ( 1 to 7 d). There was no significant difference between the survivors and the non-survivors in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate,hemoglobin, ISS score, hematocrit and blood transfusion( P > 0. 05). But there was significant difference in age and time between injury and EPP ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions In emergency treatment of patients with the hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture, especially those combined with hypovolemic shock, EPP plus external fixation can effectively control the massive venous (presacral venous plexus) and bone hemorrhage.The blood pressure and pulse rate can be restored by fluid replacement and blood transfusion. Consequently,this method may significantly improve the hemodynamical parameters and decrease the mortality.