PDE4 regulates tissue plasminogen activator expression of human brain microvascular endothelial cells |
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Authors: | Yang Fan Liu Shuo Yu Chuanhui Wang Shur-Jen Paganini-Hill Annlia Fisher Mark J |
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Institution: | a Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, USAb Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, USAc Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA |
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Abstract: | IntroductionFactors regulating brain tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are pertinent for stroke. Recent observations have suggested a role for the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) pathway in stroke pathogenesis, via an uncertain mechanism. We studied PDE4 regulation of tPA expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells in a variety of conditions, including an in vitro model of ischemia.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed tPA antigen and mRNA of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs) during normoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) following inhibition of PDE4 and PDE4D, using HBEC monocultures and co-cultures with astrocytes and pericytes, and analyzed relevant signal transduction pathways.ResultsPDE4 inhibitor rolipram enhanced OGD effects on endothelial tPA release in endothelial monocultures and co-cultures with astrocytes; there was a 54 ± 10% (p < 0.001) reduction of tPA release in astrocyte-endothelial co-cultures under OGD. PDE4D siRNA reduced endothelial tPA mRNA to 40-55% of control (p < 0.05). Use of Epac inducer mimicked, while use of Epac siRNA inhibited, these effects.ConclusionsInhibition of PDE4 and PDE4D reduced expression of tPA by HBEC via Epac pathway. |
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Keywords: | tPA endothelium microcirculation vascular biology cell culture |
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