远志黄曲霉毒素检测及其贮藏过程中黄曲霉菌变化研究

目的 研究不同产地远志中黄曲霉毒素B₁、B₂、G₁、G₂（AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁、AFG₂）的污染情况及贮藏过程中黄曲霉菌的变化。方法 收集12批不同产地的远志药材，采用性状、显微及DNA分子鉴定方法对其表面的黄曲霉菌进行鉴定；利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定其黄曲霉毒素含量；通过稀释平板法观察远志在北京贮藏6个月以来其表面黄曲霉菌的变化情况。结果 12批远志药材表面均分离鉴定出了黄曲霉菌，且全部检出黄曲霉毒素，其中33.3%的样品超过《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中远志项下黄曲霉毒素B₁、黄曲霉毒素总量的限定标准。结合北京的气候条件分析，在温度、湿度较高的夏季，远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量最多，在温、湿度较低的秋冬季节，远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量较低。结论 远志表面黄曲霉毒素污染问题十分严重，贮藏条件的温度、湿度变化对远志表面的黄曲霉菌数量有很大影响，可作为优化远志贮藏条件的参考依据。

Aflatoxins and Changes of Aspergillus flavus on Polygalae Radix during Storage

Objective To detect aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁, AFG₂) on Polygalae Radix from different origins and the changes of Aspergillus flavus during storage.Methods A total of 12 batches of Polygalae Radix from different origins were collected and the surface A. flavus was identified based on morphological traits, microscopic observation, and DNA molecular identification. Aflatoxin levels in these samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Finally, the changes of the A. flavus on the surface of Polygalae Radix during the 6-month storage in Beijing were observed with the dilution-plate method.Results A. flavus was isolated from the surface of all the 12 batches and identified, and aflatoxins were also detected in all the samples. Particularly, aflatoxin content in 33.3% of the samples was higher than the upper limit stipulated in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In Beijing, the most A. flavus colonies on Polygalae Radix surface were detected in the hot rainy summer, while a few colonies were seen in the cold dry autumn and winter.Conclusion Aflatoxin contamination on the surface of Polygalae Radix is very serious. Temperature and humidity have great influence on the number of A. flavus colonies on Polygalae Radix surface, which can serve as a reference for optimizing the storage conditions of the medicinal material.