Effect of non-surgical treatment on chronic and aggressive periodontitis: clinical, immunologic, and microbiologic findings

Background: Our goal was to examine differences in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses to non‐surgical mechanical therapy in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Methods: Twenty patients with GCP and 14 patients with GAgP were evaluated. Clinical data, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 3 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. GCF interleukin (IL)‐1β, ‐4, and ‐8 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) were analyzed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay, and elastase activity was measured using an enzymatic assay. The significance of changes with time was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Changes in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters after therapy were compared between groups using the Mann‐Whitney U test. Results: After periodontal therapy, we found significant improvements for all clinical parameters in both groups. We also observed significant reductions in elastase activity in shallow and deep sites from the GAgP group and in deep sites from the GCP group. Microbiologic data showed significant reductions in proportions of orange and red complexes and an increase in proportions of Actinomyces species in both clinical groups. When the clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses after therapy were compared between groups, only minor differences were found. Conclusion: This study fails to show any significant differences between severe forms of GCP and GAgP in response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.