四川省少数民族地区卫生资源配置变化趋势及公平性研究

目的 探讨2009～2013年四川省少数民族地区卫生资源配置的变化趋势及公平性。方法 应用个体间差异（Gini系数，绝对公平性）和个体-均数差异（变异系数，相对公平性）指标对四川省4类少数民族地区及其内部的卫生资源（医师、护士、病床数）的人口公平性和土地面积公平性进行探索。结果 少数民族地区卫生资源增长较慢，尤其是卫生人才较为缺乏。相比医师和床位，护士资源配置的公平性问题更为突出。人口公平性优于土地面积公平性。在4类民族地区中，阿坝州卫生资源配置的人口和土地面积公平性均较高。凉山州按人口配置的医师和床位较为合理，但护士配置相对较差。其他地区按人口配置的护士和床位的绝对公平性差。结论 卫生资源的合理配置可促进卫生发展水平，但民族地区的卫生资源配置整体缺乏合理性，政府及相关单位需结合民族地区的属性综合采取多方面措施进一步优化卫生资源配置。

Equity of Health Resources Allocation in Minority Regions of Sichuan Province

Objective To determine equity of health resources allocation in minority regions of Sichuan province from 2009 to 2013. Methods Health resources distribution equity among populations and across geographic catchments were measured using coefficients of Inter-Individual differences and Individual-Mean differences. Results Health resources, especially human resources, in minority regions increased slowly over the years. Poorer allocation equity was found in nursing resources compared with doctors and hospital beds. Better distribution equity was found among populations than across geographic catchments. High levels of equity in resource distributions among populations and across geographic catchments were found in Aba. In Liangshan, more equitable distributions were found in doctors and hospital beds compared with nurses. The rest of minority regions had poor absolute allocation equity in doctors and hospital beds among populations. Conclusion Appropriate allocation of health resources can promote health development. Health resources allocation in minority regions of Sichuan province is unreasonable. The government and relevant departments should take actions to optimize health resources allocations.