Pharmacologic sedation in dentistry: an overview

The primary purpose of pharmacological fear management is to reduce or block the anxiety reflex. Conscious sedation is a viable tool for both dentist and patient to overcome anxiety without having to turn to general anesthesia. This article reviews the current use of oral sedatives in dentistry, taking into account their availability and pointing out advantages and disadvantages in daily practice. Rapid onset and short half-life benzodiazepines can be considered the gold standard, always taking into account possible adverse effects. Moreover this article provides the different guidelines of international organizations such as AAPD, EAPD and EFAAD regarding the educational requirements dentists should meet to deliver safe and effective pharmacologic oral sedation.