1991～2009年中国九省区中老年居民膳食脂肪与胆固醇摄入状况及变化趋势

目的研究中国九省区中老年居民1991～2009年膳食脂肪和胆固醇的摄入状况及变化趋势。方法从"中国健康与营养调查"资料中选取1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年7轮调查50岁及以上的健康调查对象作为研究对象,计算人群平均每日的脂肪摄入量、胆固醇摄入量和脂肪供能比,并与中国居民膳食脂肪适宜摄入量进行比较。结果 1991～2009年,九省区中老年居民脂肪摄入量和胆固醇摄入量增加,脂肪供能比不断提高,至2009年男性中老年居民已达到81.9g/d、270.8mg/d和31.8%,女性中老年居民已达到70.4g/d、238.5mg/d和32.2%;脂肪供能比超过30%以及胆固醇平均摄入水平超过300mg/d的人群比例显著增加,至2009年男性中老年居民已达到54.7%和35.8%,女性中老年居民已达到56.9%和29.8%。结论 1991年以来中国九省区城乡中老年居民膳食结构发生了显著的变化,居民脂肪供能比以及胆固醇摄入量已超过或接近中国居民膳食脂肪参考摄入量的要求,应控制含脂肪和胆固醇高的食物的摄入量。

Status and trend of fat and cholesterol intake among Chinese middle and old aged residents in 9 provinces from 1991 to 2009

Objective To study the status and trend of fat and cholesterol intake among Chinese middle and old aged residents in 9 provinces from 1991 to 2009,and provide the basic reference material for the revision of Chinese DRIs.Method The data were collected in 1991,1993,1997,2000,2004,2006 and 2009 from China Health and Nutrition Survey.The sample was 50 years old and over of health male and female residents and the intake of fat,cholesterol and mean percentage of energy from fat was calculated and compared with Chinese DRIs.Results The results showed that,in 1991-2009,the dietary fats,mean percentage of energy from total fat and intake of cholesterol had an increasing trend in the surveyed population of 9 provinces,and in 2009,the results was 81.9g/d,270.8mg/d and 31.8% in male,and was 70.4g/d,238.5mg/d and 32.2% in female respectively.The percentage of population whose mean percentage of energy from total fat exceed 30% and intake of cholesterol exceed 300mg/d increased significantly,and in 2009,the results was 54.7% and 35.8% in male,and was 56.9% and 29.8% in female respectively.Conclusion The dietary structure of middle and old aged residents in Chinese 9 provinces had changed significantly,and the percentage of energy from total fat and intake of cholesterol had closed or exceeded the Chinese DRIs.So the intake of food that is rich in fat and cholesterol should be controlled.