空降兵伞训和跳伞损伤流行病学调查及预防措施探讨

目的探讨空降兵伞训及实际跳伞中肌肉骨骼系统发生损伤的主要部位,以及保护器具的使用情况,为今后训练及跳伞中重点身体部位保护及预防损伤等提供一定依据。方法编制空降兵肌肉骨骼损伤调查表,以整群抽样抽取7230名空降兵指战员进行横断面流行病学调查,结果数据(有效调查表6844份)录入计算机并进行统计分析。结果伞训时主要损伤部位在踝、腰、小腿和膝,其损伤率分别为22.6%、26.9%、23.2%、13.3%,明显高于入伍前(P<0.05)跳伞时主要损伤部位为踝关节、臀和手部损伤,其损伤率分别为27.1%、7.5%、4.1%.明显高于伞训(P<0.05)。训练和伞降时伞鞋佩带率较高,分别为94.0%和95.5%,跳伞时头盔佩带率为95.1%也较高,其余护具佩带率较低。结论踝关节、腰、小腿和膝、臀和手部是伞训、伞降的主要损伤部位,而这些部位保护器具佩带率多数较低以及训练服、训练鞋的合适度欠佳,可能是导致损伤的危险因素,应予以积极的注意和预防。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON INJURY IN PARACHTIST DURING PARACHUTE TRAINING AND PARACHUTING

Objective To study the main site of parachutist musculoskeletal injuries occurred during parachute training and actual parachuting,and the the use of protection apparatus,so as to provide a scientific basis to protect the main parts of the body from injuries during training and parachuting.Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was carried out on 7230 parachutists by cluster sampling.Referring to the relevant lierature,a parachutist musculoskeletal injury questionnaire was developed and used for the survey.Results The incidences of ankle,waist,leg,and knee injury were 22.6%,26.9%,23.2%,and 13.3% respectively during training,which were higher than those before enlisting（P0.05）.The incidences of ankle,buttock,and hand injury were 27.1%,7.5%,and 4.1% respectively during actual parachuting,which were higher than those during training,and before enlisting（P0.05）.The percentages of using protective shoes during training and parachuting were 94.0%,95.5% respectively,and using helmet during parachuting was 95.1%.The percentages of using other protective apparatuses were low.Conclusion Ankle,waist,leg,knee,buttock,and hand were the main injury site during training and actual parachuting.The low percentage of using protective apparatuses and unsuitability for using may be the risk factors leading to injuries,to which more attention and positive prevention should be needed.