Retreatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Interferon

Objective: We analyzed the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon to get the standpoint for the selection of patients to receive it. Methods: A complete response was defined as continuous normalization of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and continuous disappearance of serum hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) during interferon administration and more than 6 months after. Patients without complete response were classified as noncomplete responders. From August 1990 to May 1993, we retreated 23 noneomplete responders on initial treatment with interferon and studied the factors that alter the effectiveness. Results: Complete response was achieved in eight (34.8%) patients; the other 15 patients did not achieve this degree of response. Three patients were of genotype U and five were of genotype III in these eight complete responders. All complete responders were patients with relapse who had had normalized serum ALT levels during the initial administration and undetectable HCV-RNA at the end of the period. No patient who failed to achieve normalization of the serum ALT level on initial treatment achieved a complete response on retreatment. HCV-RNA concentrations before retreatment were significantly less than hefore initial treatment in the eight complete responders. Conclusion: Interferon retreatment of patients who do not achieve a complete response may be effective in relapsed cases with undetectahle HCV-RNA at the end of initial treatment. Selection of patients to receive interferon retreatment requires careful review and consideration of genotype, HCV-RNA concentration, and the clinical response on initial treatment.