成都地区军队离退休老年人25年死亡率和死亡原因分析

目的探讨军队离退休老年人1984—2008年期间死亡率和死因构成的特征。方法以1984年1月1日以前定居成都地区军队所属24个干休所的全部离退休人员为对象，根据健康档案调查逐年人员变动情况，对每例死亡人员通过查阅病历确定死亡原因。结果（1）基线人数1665人，基线平均年龄61．56岁，共计观察了35058人年。25年累计死亡774人，平均死亡率2208／10万人年；（2）死因构成前4位依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病，分别占总死因的42．2％、18．1％、14．5％和10．7％；（3）恶性肿瘤死亡中，肺肿瘤死亡高居首位（43．1％），以下依次为胃肿瘤（13．8％）、肝肿瘤（13．5％）、泌尿系统肿瘤（8．0％）。结论居住在成都地区干休所的军队老年人近25年死亡率低于全国城市老年人群的平均死亡率；该老年群体前4位死因构成与全国城市同龄人群有明显差异，其特征是恶性肿瘤死亡在总死因中占更大的比例，呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病所占比例较小，而心血管病死亡所占比例与全国城市老年人群相似。

Analysis of mortality and death causes during past 25 years in an army population of elderly veterans in Chengdu city

Objective To investigate the mortality and constituent ratio of death causes during 1984 - 2008 in an army population of elderly veterans. Methods All elderly veterans in 24 army - owned cadreg sanitariums who settled in Chengdu city before January 1,1984 were selected as the subjects of this study. The staff changes were investigated annually for 25 years according to their health files, and the medical record of each death case was looked up to confirm the cause of death. Results （ 1 ） The baseline number of the subjects was 1665 with a mean age of 61.56 years. A total of 35 058 person - years was followed up. 774 individuals died in 25 years and the mean mortality was 2208 per 100 000 person - years. （2） The first four death causes were malignant tumor, heart disease, respiratory disease and cerebrovaseular disease and they accounted for 42.2% , 18.1% , 14.5 % and 10.7% of total causes of death, respectively. （ 3 ） Among subjects died of malignant tumor, lung cancer was the leading cause （43. 1% ） followed by stomach tumor （13.8%）, liver tumor （ 13.5% ） and urinary tumor（ 8.0% ）. Conclusion The mortality of elderly veterans in cadre~ sanitarium in Chengdu city during recent 25 years was lower than that of national urban elderly population on average. There is a significant difference in the constitutive feature of first four causes of death between the army and urban population with the same age across the country. Malignant tumor accounts for much higher proportion in total death causes, and respiratory and cerebrovascular diseases account for relatively lower proportion, while cardiovascular diseases have almost the same rate in army elderly veterans compared with national urban elderly population.