澳大利亚建立全民医疗保险的政治过程

本文采用描述政治过程的方法，比较全面地回顾了澳大利亚全民医疗保险的缘起，并特别关注系统建立和完善过程中政治因素的影响和对中国同行的启示。全民医疗保险制度是一个具有鲜明政治特征的社会政策，它是人权运动和社会公平思想与传统的经济学和市场理论相互较量的结果。全民医疗保险正在成为中国学术界和政界的一个重要议题，是提高卫生服务的公平性和可及性，建立和谐社会的重要方面。澳大利亚建立全民医疗保险的故事，可以让我们开阔视野和深入思考。

Political Process of Australian Universal Health Insurance-Australian Story and Its Meanings for Chinese Colleagues

Australia is one of countable countries which establishing and maintaining universal covered health system.The well-known Medicare is universal,publicly administered national health insurance system,which academically designed in 1968,politically advocated in 1969,legislatively enacted in 1974,and formally start-up in 1975.The scheme did not spring up in a historical vacuum.We can find significant efforts of international and domestic environments.Introduction of the scheme was attributed to remarkable and timing academics study,and creative and braved political leadership.Authors focused on politics and political process of Medicare.It is found that founding a social health insurance is an unique political adventure,other than a matter of money.Stakeholders,including political parties,academics,medical professionals,and communities,were actively involving,interacting and negotiating into each act of the drama.Political conflicts on Medicare were also reflected controversy between conservative market economist and 'welfare' government.In China,increased discussion and argument have been found currently in political and academic scopes for initiating a Chinese universal social health insurance,for purposes of improving equity and accessibility of health care,improving social equity and accordance.The political story of Australian Medicare could be an appropriate lesson for Chinese colleagues.