布鲁杆菌病职业人群高危行为习惯调查及健康教育效果评价

目的 调查辽西地区布鲁杆菌病(简称布病)职业人群的高危行为习惯,评估健康教育干预效果.方法 采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,2008-2010年对辽西地区与牛羊等牲畜有密切接触的职业人群高危行为习惯进行现况调查,从中抽取凌海市职业人群作为干预组,实施为期3个月的布病高危行为习惯健康教育,其余职业人群作为对照组.在健康教育基线期和终末期问卷调查干预组和对照组布病高危行为习惯情况.结果 基线期共调查916名观察对象,其中干预组499人,对照组417人.布病高危行为习惯(接触流产牲畜时防护、病畜及时扑杀、病畜深埋处理、不贩卖加工病畜、不吃病死畜肉、不喝生奶、不吃未熟乳肉制品、对饲养牲畜进行免疫)正确率干预组分别为70.9%(354/499)、64.3%(321/499)、53.8%(268/499)、92.2%(460/499)、82.2%(410/499)、87.5%(437/499)、93.6%(467/499)、56.2%(280/499),对照组分别为68.8%(287/417)、59.2%(247/417)、54.7%(228/417)、89.2%(372/417)、85.6%(360/417)、88.5%(369/417)、94.0%(392/417)、55.9%(233/417),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).终末期共调查908名观察对象,其中干预组499人,对照组409人;干预组上述8种布病高危行为习惯正确率分别为85.4%(426/499)、79.0%(394/499)、69.9%(349/499)、96.4%(481/499)、94.3%(471/499)、94.9%(474/499)、94.0%(469/499)、99.4%(496/499),对照组分别为66.8%(273/409)、57.3%(234/409)、50.1%(205/409)、85.3%(349/409)、88.8%(363/409)、89.5%(366/409)、90.1%(369/409)、57.2%(234/409),组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为43.991、49.833、37.111、35.032、9.537、9.826、4.485、253.808,P均＜0.05).干预组在基线期除不吃未熟乳肉制品外,其他7种布病高危行为习惯正确率与终末期比较,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为30.426、26.284、27.854、7.364、36.027、17.238、9270.286,P均＜0.05).结论 健康教育干预可以显著地提高布病职业人群高危行为习惯正确率,值得进行交流和推广.

Abstract：

Objective To find out demography characteristic and risk behaviors of occupation groups and to evaluate the effect of health education. Methods A baseline survey was conducted among occupation groups in the western part of Liaoning province by stratified random cluster sampling. Health education started to intervene in occupation groups in Linghai city of Liaoning province. An investigation of brucellosis related behaviors was carried out before and after a health education among occupation groups. Other occupational groups were as the control group. The research on high-risk behaviors of occupation groups was in the following eight aspects: protection taken when contact with abortion livestock, timely slaughter and burying deeply of sick animals, not selling sick animals do not eat dead meat, nor drink raw milk, do not eat raw meat, and immunity of livestock. Results Before the intervention, a total of 916 objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 417 were investigated. The high-risk behaviors of brucellosis were not significantly different between the two groups[70.9% (354/499), 64.3%(321/499 ), 53.8% (268/499), 92.2% (460/499), 82.2% (410/499 ), 87.5% (437/499), 93.6% (467/499), 56.2%(280/499) in intervention group, 68.8% (287/417), 59.2% (247/417 ), 54.7% (228/417), 89.2% (372/417 ), 85.6%(360/417) ,885%(369/417),94.0%(392/417),55.9%(233/417) in control group, all P ＞ 0.05]. After the intervention,a total of 908 survey objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 409, were investigated. The above eight aspects of high-risk behaviors in the intervention group were 85.4% (426/499),79.0% (394/499),69.9%(349/499),96.4%(481/499),943%(471/499),94.9%(474/499),94.0%(469/499), 99.4%(496/499), respectively; in the control 66.8% (273/409),57.3% (234/409),50.1% (205/409),85.3% (349/409),88.8% (363/409),89.5%(366/409) ,90.1% (369/409), and 57.2% (234/409), respectively. Between the two groups, the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 43.991,49.833,37.111,35.032,9.537,9.826,4.485,253.808, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The above seven aspects of high-risk behaviors except do not eat raw dairy at the beginning of intervention were compared with those of after the intervention, the differences were statistically significant (x2 = 30.426,26.284,27.854,7.364,36.027,17.238,9270.286, all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Health education intervention can significantly improve the behavior change rate of occupational groups at high risk of brucellosis, and the education intervention is worthwhile to communicate and promote.

Effective evaluation of brucellosis related risk behaviors of occupation groups and the effect of health education

Objective To find out demography characteristic and risk behaviors of occupation groups and to evaluate the effect of health education. Methods A baseline survey was conducted among occupation groups in the western part of Liaoning province by stratified random cluster sampling. Health education started to intervene in occupation groups in Linghai city of Liaoning province. An investigation of brucellosis related behaviors was carried out before and after a health education among occupation groups. Other occupational groups were as the control group. The research on high-risk behaviors of occupation groups was in the following eight aspects: protection taken when contact with abortion livestock, timely slaughter and burying deeply of sick animals, not selling sick animals do not eat dead meat, nor drink raw milk, do not eat raw meat, and immunity of livestock. Results Before the intervention, a total of 916 objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 417 were investigated. The high-risk behaviors of brucellosis were not significantly different between the two groups[70.9% (354/499), 64.3%(321/499 ), 53.8% (268/499), 92.2% (460/499), 82.2% (410/499 ), 87.5% (437/499), 93.6% (467/499), 56.2%(280/499) in intervention group, 68.8% (287/417), 59.2% (247/417 ), 54.7% (228/417), 89.2% (372/417 ), 85.6%(360/417) ,885%(369/417),94.0%(392/417),55.9%(233/417) in control group, all P ＞ 0.05]. After the intervention,a total of 908 survey objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 409, were investigated. The above eight aspects of high-risk behaviors in the intervention group were 85.4% (426/499),79.0% (394/499),69.9%(349/499),96.4%(481/499),943%(471/499),94.9%(474/499),94.0%(469/499), 99.4%(496/499), respectively; in the control 66.8% (273/409),57.3% (234/409),50.1% (205/409),85.3% (349/409),88.8% (363/409),89.5%(366/409) ,90.1% (369/409), and 57.2% (234/409), respectively. Between the two groups, the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 43.991,49.833,37.111,35.032,9.537,9.826,4.485,253.808, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The above seven aspects of high-risk behaviors except do not eat raw dairy at the beginning of intervention were compared with those of after the intervention, the differences were statistically significant (x2 = 30.426,26.284,27.854,7.364,36.027,17.238,9270.286, all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Health education intervention can significantly improve the behavior change rate of occupational groups at high risk of brucellosis, and the education intervention is worthwhile to communicate and promote.