2006-2010年吉林省地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 掌握吉林省地方性氟中毒病情变化,为调整防治策略提供科学依据.方法 2006-2010年,采用分层整群抽样方法,每年在全省14个病区县的轻、中、重病区中抽取5个屯作为监测点.水氟、尿氟测定采用离子选择电极法(GB/T 8538-1995);8～12岁儿童氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法;氟骨症诊断2006-2008年采用<地方性氟骨症临床分度标准>(GB 16396-1996),2009、2010年采用<地方性氟骨症临床诊断标准>(WS192-2008).结果 共监测25个病区屯,其中改水屯14个,常住人口8005人,受益人口7154人,占常住人口的89.37%;未改水屯11个.按照<国家生活饮用水卫生标准>要求,14个改水屯居民饮用水含氟量均合格(≤1.20 mg/L),14个改水屯学校中有3个饮水含氟量超标;检测11个未改水屯饮用水含氟量,有7个超标.共检查改水屯8-12岁儿童363人,氟斑牙检出率为39.12%(142/363);未改水屯303人,氟斑牙检出率为43.89%(133/303).共检查改水屯16岁以上成人6424人,氟骨症检出率为6.27%(403/6424);未改水屯3572人,氟骨症检出率为13.89%(496/3572).已改水的中、轻病区16岁以上成人氟骨症患者和8-12岁儿童的尿氟几何均值均在正常参考值(WS/T 256-2005,1.40 mg/L)以下.结论 吉林省改水病区氟中毒病情已得到一定程度的控制,未改水病区氟中毒病情仍然较重,氟中毒防治任务仍很艰巨.

Abstract：

Objective To identify changes in the occurrence of endemic fluorosis in order to provide scientific basis for making countermeasures. Methods Five villages from 14 counties of mild, moderate and severe fluorosis affected areas were selected by stratified cluster sampling every year in the whole province during 2006 - 2010. Water and urinary fluorine were determined by ion selective electrode method(GB/T 8538-1995); dental fluorosis of children 8-12 years old was diagnosed with Dean method; skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "clinical indexing standards of endemic skeletal fluorosis "(GB 16396-1996), between 2006 and 2008, and "clinical diagnosis standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) between 2009 and 2010. Results A total of 25 diseased villages were surveyed, 14 with water sources changed, covered a resident population of 8005 people, beneficiary population 7154, and accounting for 89.37% of the resident population; not changed villages 11. In accordance with the "State drinking water health standards", in the 14 changed villages the fluoride in drinking water was qualified (≤ 1.20 mg/L), there were 3 schools whose water fluorine content exceeded the standard; among the 11 villages that did not change water sources 7 drinking water samples fluorine content exceeded the standard. Of the 8 to 12 years old children in villages with changed water sources, 363 of them were checked and 142 dental fluorosis were found, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 39.12% (142/363); in villages with water sources not changed, 303 children were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.89%(133/303). Of sixteen and elder adults in water source changed villages, 6424 people were checked and 403 skeletal fluorosis were found, skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 6.27% (403/6424); 3572 people were checked in not changed villages, the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 13.89%(496/3572). In water sources changed areas, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was in the normal reference value(WS/T 256-2005, 1.40 mg/L)or less. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is decreased in water improved areas, but in unimproved areas the disease is still severe, and control of endemic fluorosis is still an arduous task.

Endemic fluorosis in Jilin province: analysis of surveillance data for 2006 - 2010

Objective To identify changes in the occurrence of endemic fluorosis in order to provide scientific basis for making countermeasures. Methods Five villages from 14 counties of mild, moderate and severe fluorosis affected areas were selected by stratified cluster sampling every year in the whole province during 2006 - 2010. Water and urinary fluorine were determined by ion selective electrode method(GB/T 8538-1995); dental fluorosis of children 8-12 years old was diagnosed with Dean method; skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "clinical indexing standards of endemic skeletal fluorosis "(GB 16396-1996), between 2006 and 2008, and "clinical diagnosis standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) between 2009 and 2010. Results A total of 25 diseased villages were surveyed, 14 with water sources changed, covered a resident population of 8005 people, beneficiary population 7154, and accounting for 89.37% of the resident population; not changed villages 11. In accordance with the "State drinking water health standards", in the 14 changed villages the fluoride in drinking water was qualified (≤ 1.20 mg/L), there were 3 schools whose water fluorine content exceeded the standard; among the 11 villages that did not change water sources 7 drinking water samples fluorine content exceeded the standard. Of the 8 to 12 years old children in villages with changed water sources, 363 of them were checked and 142 dental fluorosis were found, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 39.12% (142/363); in villages with water sources not changed, 303 children were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.89%(133/303). Of sixteen and elder adults in water source changed villages, 6424 people were checked and 403 skeletal fluorosis were found, skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 6.27% (403/6424); 3572 people were checked in not changed villages, the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 13.89%(496/3572). In water sources changed areas, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was in the normal reference value(WS/T 256-2005, 1.40 mg/L)or less. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is decreased in water improved areas, but in unimproved areas the disease is still severe, and control of endemic fluorosis is still an arduous task.