2008年青海省贵德县地方性氟中毒病情监测结果分析

目的 掌握青海省贵德县地方性氟中毒病情与流行状况,进一步做好氟中毒监测防控工作.方法 2008年,选择贵德县大磨、温泉、保宁村(已改水村)和太平村(未改水村),分别采集枯水期和丰水期末梢水样各1份,按照<生活饮用水标准检验方法>(GB/T 5750.5-2006)检测水氟;对全部8～12岁儿童采用Dean法进行氟斑牙检查,每个年龄组抽检6人采集尿样,用氟离子选择电极法(WS/T 89-1996)检测尿氟;按照<地方性氟骨症诊断标准>(WS 192-2008),对16岁以上成人进行临床氟骨症检查,每个村抽取男女各10人,进行氟骨症X线诊断.结果 大磨、温泉、太平、保宁4个村水氟均值分别为0.58、0.38、2.28、0.57 mg/L,其中太平村水氟均值超过国家生活饮用水卫生标准(1.0 mg/L).共检查8～12岁儿童193人,儿童氟斑牙检出率为49.74%(96/193);共检测儿童尿样116份,尿氟中位数为1.49 mg/L.共检查16岁以上成人1503人,临床氟骨症检出率为51.63%(776/1503);共对82人进行X线拍片,X线氟骨症检出率为20.73%(17/82),X线表现以关节退行性改变及骨间膜骨化为主.结论 贵德县儿童氟斑牙和成人临床氟骨症检出率较高,氟中毒流行较重,防治形势刻不容缓.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province, in order to provide appropriate measures to monitor and control the disease. Methods Damo, Wenquan, Baoning villages(water source has been changed) and Taiping village(water source has not been changed) in Guide county were involved in the study in 2008. One tap water sample was collected in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006); of all the children aged 8 to 12, dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean criteria; 6 copies of urine samples were collected in each age group, urinary fluoride was measured using fluoride ion-selective electrode (WS/T 89-1996). According to the "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis "(WS 192-2008), clinical skeletal fluorosis was determined in adults over the age of 16 by X-ray examination for 10 people in each selected village. Results The mean water fluoride was 0.58,0.38,2.28,0.37 mg/L in Damo, Wenquan, Taiping, and Baoning villages, respectively, and that of Taiping village exceeded the national standard(1.0 mg/L). One hundred and ninety-three children aged 8-12 were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.74% (96/193); urine samples of 116 children were tested, median urinary fluoride was 1.49 mg/L A total of 1503 adults over the age of 16 were examined, the clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 51.63%(776/1503); a total of 82 people were X-rayed, X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis was 20.73%(17/82). The characteristic of X-rays were degeneration and ossification of interosseous membrane. Conclusions Prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and adult clinical skeletal fluorosis are higher. The endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.

Endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province in 2008: an analysis of surveillance results

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province, in order to provide appropriate measures to monitor and control the disease. Methods Damo, Wenquan, Baoning villages(water source has been changed) and Taiping village(water source has not been changed) in Guide county were involved in the study in 2008. One tap water sample was collected in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006); of all the children aged 8 to 12, dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean criteria; 6 copies of urine samples were collected in each age group, urinary fluoride was measured using fluoride ion-selective electrode (WS/T 89-1996). According to the "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis "(WS 192-2008), clinical skeletal fluorosis was determined in adults over the age of 16 by X-ray examination for 10 people in each selected village. Results The mean water fluoride was 0.58,0.38,2.28,0.37 mg/L in Damo, Wenquan, Taiping, and Baoning villages, respectively, and that of Taiping village exceeded the national standard(1.0 mg/L). One hundred and ninety-three children aged 8-12 were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.74% (96/193); urine samples of 116 children were tested, median urinary fluoride was 1.49 mg/L A total of 1503 adults over the age of 16 were examined, the clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 51.63%(776/1503); a total of 82 people were X-rayed, X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis was 20.73%(17/82). The characteristic of X-rays were degeneration and ossification of interosseous membrane. Conclusions Prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and adult clinical skeletal fluorosis are higher. The endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.