Affiliation: | 1.Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Center,Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine,Geneva,Switzerland;2.University Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, ThEMAS TIM-C, UMR 5525,Grenoble,France;3.Division of Intensive Care, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine,University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland;4.Division of Pharmacy, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine,University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland |
Abstract: | PurposeWe describe the impact of a multifaceted program for decreasing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after implementing nine preventive measures, including selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD).MethodsWe compared VAP rates during an 8-month pre-intervention period, a 12-month intervention period, and an 11-month post-intervention period in a cohort of patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV) for?>?48 h. The primary objective was to assess the effect on first VAP occurrence, using a Cox cause-specific proportional hazards model. Secondary objectives included the impact on emergence of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic consumption, duration of MV, and ICU mortality.ResultsPre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention VAP rates were 24.0, 11.0 and 3.9 VAP episodes per 1000 ventilation-days, respectively. VAP rates decreased by 56% [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.65; P?0.001] in the intervention and by 85% (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.08–0.27; P?0.001) in the post-intervention periods. During the intervention period, VAP rates decreased by 42% (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.87; P?0.001) after implementation of eight preventive measures without SOD, and by 70% after adding SOD (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.72; P?0.001) compared to the pre-intervention period. The incidence density of intrinsically resistant bacteria (to colistin or tobramycin) did not increase. We documented a significant reduction of days of therapy per 1000 patient-days of broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat lower respiratory tract infection (P?0.028), median duration of MV (from 7.1 to 6.4 days; P?0.003) and ICU mortality (from 16.2 to 13.5%; P?0.049) for patients ventilated?>?48 h between the pre- and post-intervention periods.ConclusionsOur preventive program produced a sustained decrease in VAP incidence. SOD provides an additive value. |