Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene blaCTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses,France |
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| Institution: | 1. OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada;2. INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France;1. EA7361 Unit ‘Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases’, Paris Saclay University, LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;2. Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;3. Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;4. Microbiology unit, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France;1. Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;3. Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China;5. Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;2. Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;3. Department of Hematology, Medical University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;1. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy;2. Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;3. Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Medicina Generale – Emostasi e Trombosi, Milan, Italy;4. Division of Infectious Disaeses and International Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;5. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;6. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy;7. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy;8. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Direzione Medica di Presidio, Milan, Italy;9. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Paediatric Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;10. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy;11. Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Biosystems, Division of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven 3000, Belgium;2. Department of General Bacteriology, Centrum voor Onderzoek in Diergeneeskunde en Agrochemie-Centre d''Etude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, Brussels 1180, Belgium;3. Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium;4. Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium;5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven 3000, Belgium;6. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The objective of the study was to identify the genetic determinants and characteristics of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses in France in 2015. Faecal samples from 744 adult horses were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli isolates. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC resistance genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. ESC phenotypes were horizontally transferred by conjugation or transformation. Plasmids carrying ESBL/AmpC genes were typed by PCR-based replicon typing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST). The ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were typed by XbaI macrorestriction analysis. Sixteen of 41 stables harboured at least one horse carrying ESC-resistant E. coli. The proportion of individually tested horses carrying ESC-resistant E. coli was 8.5% (28/328). Fifty non-redundant ESC-resistant E. coli isolates showing a great diversity of XbaI macrorestriction profiles belonged mainly to phylogroup B1, and were negative for major E. coli virulence genes, indicating they are commensal isolates. ESBL blaCTX-M genes were dominant (blaCTX-M-1, n=34; blaCTX-M-2, n=8; blaCTX-M-14, n=2) and located on conjugative plasmids belonging to various incompatibility groups (IncHI1, IncI1, IncN, IncY, or non-typeable). Among these, the multidrug-resistant IncHI1-pST9 plasmids were dominant and simultaneously harboured the blaCTX-M-1/2 genes and an operon enabling the metabolism of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS). In conclusion, commensal E. coli of French horses displayed a significant distribution of IncHI1-pST9 plasmids carrying both the blaCTX-M-1/2 gene and the fos metabolism operon. This finding highlights the risk of co-selection of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL genes possibly mediated by the use of scFOS as prebiotic in horses. |
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