猫用高效狂犬病灭活疫苗研究

目的研制水包油新型佐剂狂犬病疫苗开展猫的免疫试验。方法利用BHK-21细胞培养狂犬病病毒鼬獾源性JX04-45株,病毒滴度达到10^7.5 TCID₅₀/mL以上的病毒培养物用于灭活和疫苗制备,佐剂为新型水包油型;通过本实验室建立的荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)测定疫苗效力和猫免疫后的中和抗体,并进行了攻毒试验,评价本疫苗免疫效果。结果一个剂量的疫苗免疫小鼠后FAVN方法测定的疫苗效力≥3.0 IU/剂量;水包油佐剂型狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫猫后14 d时无不良反应,FAVN测得其诱导的中和抗体水平平均达16.04±4.29 IU/mL,28 d平均达37.13±6.12 IU/mL,56 d为21.01±7.61 IU/mL。180 d为6.71±3.44 IU/mL,360 d为2.66±2.01 IU/mL。至15个月时,咬肌攻毒10⁶MIC LD₅₀狂犬病病毒BD06株,观察90 d试验组无一死亡,对照组全部死亡。结论本疫苗诱导长达1年的免疫保护,可扩大安全评价和临床试验,以验证其实用价值。

Effective inactivated rabies vaccine for feline use

In this study, we carried out immunity test in cats with a high effective rabies vaccine, which was developed with new oil-in-water adjuvant. By the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) established in our laboratory, we assayed the efficacy of the vaccine in mice and monitored the neutralizing antibody level in cats after vaccination, and also challenged the cats to evaluate the immune effect of vaccine. Results showed that the efficacy of the vaccine tested in mice was to be more than 3.0 IU/dose and the vaccine had no adverse reaction in cats. The viral neutralizing antibody in cats was 16.04±4.29 IU/mL averagely 14 days post inoculation (dpi); 37.13±6.12 IU/mL, 28 dpi; 21.01±7.61 IU/mL, 56 dpi; 6.71±3.44 IU/mL, 180 dpi; 2.66±2.01IU/mL, 360 dpi. In 15 months, masseter muscle inoculation with 10⁶ MIC LD₅₀ of rabies virus BD06 strain was performed in cats. All cats in control group died after 90 days, while all in the vaccinated group survived, indicating the immune protection of the vaccine lasted for one year long.