症状性门静脉阻塞的介入治疗

目的　评价介入技术治疗症状性门静脉 (PV)阻塞的安全性和疗效。方法　对 9例PV阻塞患者进行了介入治疗 ,5例以门静脉高压症、食管 胃静脉曲张破裂出血就诊 (2例继发于肝移植后 ,3例HCC合并PV癌栓 ) ,3例为PV血栓形成 ,另 1例继发于腹部外科手术。 4例采取经皮经肝途径穿刺PV分支 ,5例用TIPS途径。支架置入 4例、球囊扩张成型 6例次、局部溶栓和血栓清除 7例次。结果　治疗技术均成功 ,无重要并发症。介入治疗后复查PV造影显示PV主干血流通畅。 3例腹部症状较明显的PV血栓形成患者 ,术后腹痛、腹胀和腹泻等症状逐渐减轻。随访时间 4～ 36个月 ,1例HCC患者于术后 11个月死于多器官转移 ;1例继发于腹部外科术后患者 ,虽然PV主干恢复血流、临床症状曾一度改善 ,但于 12d后死于腹腔脓肿、多器官衰竭。其余 7例生存 ,Doppler超声复查证实PV主干血流通畅 ,患者未再发生静脉曲张破裂出血或PV血栓相关症状。结论　介入微创技术 ,包括球囊扩张、支架置入、局部溶栓和机械性血栓清除术 ,是治疗症状性PV阻塞的的安全、有效方法

Symptomatic portal vein occlusion:treated by interventional radiological techniques

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the interventional radiological techniques for management of symptomatic portal vein (PV) occlusion. Methods Nine patients with PV trunk occlusion were treated using interventional procedures. Four patients presented with abdominal pain, distention, and malabsorption; five presented with portal hypertension and repeated bleeding from esophagogastric varices. The etiologic factors were identified in all 9 patients, including post-transplantation of the liver in 2, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with PV tumor thrombus in 3, post abdominal operative state in 1, and PV thrombosis in 3 cases. The portal access was established via a percutaneous transhepatic route in 4, and via a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) approach in 5 patients. The interventional procedures included stent placement in 4, balloon angioplasty in 6, and catheter directed pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis in 7 patients. Results The technical success was achieved in all cases. No complications related to the procedure occurred. Portal flow was reestablished in all patients after the procedures. Clinical improvement was seen in 3 patients with symptomatic PV thrombosis, characterized by progressive reduction of abdominal pain, distention, and diarrhea. Follow-up time ranged from 4 to 36 months. One patient with HCC died of multiple organs metastases at 11 months after the treatment. One patient died of intraabdominal sepsis and multiple organs failure 12 days after the procedure even though the antegrade flow was re-established in the main trunk of the PV. Patency of the PV trunk was confirmed by follow-up color Doppler ultrasound scan in the rest 7 patients, without recurrence of variceal bleeding or PV thrombus. Conclusions Interventional minimally invasive procedures, including balloon angioplasty, stent placement, catheter directed local pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis, are safe and effective in the treatment of symptomatic PV trunk occlusion.