《国家基本药物目录》《WHO儿童基本药物目录》和其他国家基本药物目录中抗变态反应药物比较分析

目的:比较我国《国家基本药物目录》(NEML)、《世界卫生组织儿童基本药物目录》(WHO-EMLc)和其他19个国家基本药物目录中抗变态反应药物的差异，为进一步完善我国基本药物目录提供参考。方法:检索WHO官网，收集各国基本药物目录。通过Excel分析工具，比较抗变态反应药物种类、数量、剂型、规格等差异，探讨基本药物对儿童的适宜性，总结收录的抗变态反应药物在我国的上市情况。结果:NEML与WHO-EMLc中相同的抗变态反应药物为氯雷他定。与NEML比较，WHO-EMLc和其他19国目录中抗变态反应药物增加了适合儿童使用的口服溶液剂，且部分国家注明了氯苯那敏和西替利嗪药物的年龄限制。各目录中收录的抗变态反应药物在我国上市剂型主要为普通片剂，适合儿童使用的颗粒剂、糖浆剂等特殊剂型虽有上市，但生产厂家较少。结论:以NEML与WHO-EMLc为基础，借鉴瑞典、马来西亚、马尔代夫等国家的经验，建议适当增加适宜儿童使用的第二代抗组胺药物剂型和规格，保障儿童临床用药的安全有效，完善国家基本药物目录。

Comparison of Anti-Allergic Drugs in National Essential Medicines List, World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines for Children and Other National Essential Medicines Lists

Objective: To compare the differences of anti-allergic drugs in National Essential Medicines List (NEML), World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (WHO-EMLc) and other 19 national essential medicines lists, so as to provide reference for further improving the essential medicines list of China. Methods: WHO official website was searched to collect essential medicines list in different countries. Through Excel analysis, differences in the types, quantities, dosage forms and specifications of anti-allergic drugs were compared, the suitability of essential medicines for children was discussed, and the listing of anti-allergic drugs in China was summarized. Results: Loratadine was the same anti-allergic drug in WHO-EMLc and NEML. Compared with NEML, WHO-EMLc and other 19 national essential medicines lists added the oral solution in children, and some countries indicated the age limit of chlorpheniramine and cetirizine. The dosage forms of anti-allergic drugs included in the lists were mainly ordinary tablets. Granules, syrups for children and other special formulations were listed, yet there were few manufacturers. Conclusion: Based on NEML and WHO-EMLc, and drawing on the experience of Sweden, Malaysia, Maldives and other countries, it is recommended to appropriately increase the dosage forms and specifications of second-generation antihistamines suitable for children, so as to to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical use in children and improve the national essential medicines list