学龄前儿童营养与健康状况调查结果分析

目的:了解深圳市盐田区学龄前儿童营养和健康状况,制定干预措施。方法:对2 230名儿童采用计帐法进行膳食营养调查;根据WHO推荐的标准进行体格发育评价;统计常见病的患病率。结果:①儿童膳食营养素摄入中钙、锌和视黄醇未达每日推荐供给量标准(RDA)的80%,优质蛋白质的摄入占蛋白质总摄入量的43%;②儿童低体重的检出率为1.4%,发育迟缓率为1.0%,消瘦率为0.9%,超重率为8.2%,肥胖率为7.8%,与1992年全国营养调查结果相比,低体重率和发育迟缓率明显降低(P<0.01),而消瘦、超重和肥胖检出率无明显差别(P>0.05);③2 230名儿童中,贫血、佝偻病、龋病、视力低常和心理行为异常的检出率分别3.9%、0.1%、77.2%、3.1%、9.6%。结论:学龄前儿童生长发育状况良好,但仍存在营养素摄入不足的情况,应进一步加强对托幼园(所)膳食营养的指导与监督。

Investigation on state of nutrition and health of preschool children

Objective:To understand the present status of nutrition and health of preschool children in Yantian community of Shenzhen and give suggestion for improving children′s health.Methods:Nutrition survey which included physical measurement and diet investigation was carried out in 2 230 preschool children.The prevalences of common diseases were counted too.Results:①Intake of calcium,zinc and retinal were lower than 80% RDA(recommended daily allowances).Intake of high-quality protein accounted for 43%.②The rates of stunting,underweight,wasting,overweight and obesity children were 1.4%,1.0%,0.9%,8.2%,7.8% respectively.The rates of stunting and underweight children were lower than that of whole country in 1992.③The prevalences of anemia,rachitis,dental caries,low eyesight and the difficulties in psychological health were 3.9%,0.1%,77.2%,3.1%,9.6% respectively.Conclusion:The status of health and development was all right,but diet balance should be drew attention