深圳市麻疹监测及其控制策略评价

为了解深圳市控制麻疹的进展,以进一步控制麻疹疫情,对麻疹的发病资料进行流行病学分析,并结合麻疹疫苗常规接种和强化免疫情况对麻疹发病率的影响进行分析.结果显示,2000～2003年麻疹年平均发病率(10.21/10万)比1996～1999年(5.95/10万)上升了71.6%,2002年麻疹发病率在近几年中是最低.全市六个区均有病例发生,龙岗区、宝安区和南山区发病率较高.流行模式主要为散发.3～7月为麻疹高发季节,1～5岁和20～29岁为麻疹高发病年龄组.男女性别比为1.12:1.对麻疹免疫史分析表明,10.25%的麻疹病例未接种麻疹疫苗(MV),47.49% 的病例无免疫史,42.25%免疫史不详.建议采用以下控制麻疹策略,维持高水平麻疹接种率,加强免疫年龄提前到1.5～2岁,在外来青工中开展麻疹疫苗接种工作,进一步加强麻疹监测工作,充分利用麻疹监测系统,及时制定免疫方案以控制麻疹疫情.

An Evaluation of Control Strategy and Sureillace on easles in Shenzhen City

In order to know the progress in measles control program,the epidemiological characteristics of measles and control in Shenzhen were analyzed. The effect of the routine and supplementary immunization to the measles incidence rate was also analyzed. The results showed that the average measles incidence rate of 2000-2003 increased 71.6%,as compared with that of 1996-1999. The incidence of measles in 2002 was the lowest in recent years. The reported measles cases extensively distributed in all districts of Shenzhen. The incidence rate of Longgang, Baoan and Nanshan was higher than that of the other district. The model was sporadic form. The peak seasons of disease were in March-July. The incidence of measles between 1-5 years old and between 20-29 years old age groups were higher than that in other age groups. The ratio of male to female was 1.12:1. We analyzed the measles cases vaccination history,10.25% had vaccination,47.49% had no record and 42.25% were unclear. The following measures should be suggested to implement in Shenzhen: Achieving and keeping high immunization coverage. The second dose service should be taken in 1.5-2 years old age groups. Implementing measles immunization to young floating workers in Shenzhen. Strengthening surveillance of measles,from which a scientific basis of making vaccination and control programs against measles is proided.