北京市青少年乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

目的 评价青少年接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗后的流行病学效果。方法 收集接种人群历年的接种报告、现场调查该人群的乙肝血清学流行率以及疫苗接种情况,分析接种疫苗前、后历年来乙肝发病的疫情报告,采用放射免疫分析法测定乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗-HBs和抗-HBc,并与接种前期的检测结果进行比较。结果 青少年接种乙肝疫苗后,其乙肝发病率由接种前期的12.11/10万～16.89/10万降至1.78/10万～10.95/10万(X~2=10.71～60.45,P<0.01),HBsAg携带率由6.34％降至1.37％,下降约80.00％(X~2=14.16,P<0.01)。结论 青少年接种乙肝疫苗是预防和控制乙肝感染的有效手段。

Study on the afficaay of bepatitis B immunization among youngsters in Beijing

Objective To evaluating the epidemiological effect after hepatitis B immunization among youngsters in Beijing. Methods A multistage sampling method was used for data collection from immunization cards, reports on field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus(HBV) immunization of youngsters and the analysis of infectious diseases. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radiommunoassays(SPRIA). Results The average incidence rates of hepatitis B in 10-19 years- olds prior to HBV immunization was 12. 11-16.89/100 000, while declined to 1. 78- 10. 95/ 100 000 (X~2= 10.71- 60.45, P<0.01). HBsAg carrying rate of the youngsters decreased from 6. 34% to 1.37% (80. 00%) after vaccination (X~2=14.16, P< 0.01). Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination among youngsters is an effective measure for the prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.