功能动作训练对新兵军事训练伤的预防效果研究

目的 通过对入伍新训新兵实施功能性动作筛查(functional movement screen,FMS)测试以及功能性训练,研究功能动作训练对新兵军事训练伤的预防作用.方法 纳入2013年某教导大队入伍新兵170人为研究对象,其中男性132人,女性38人,平均年龄18.3岁.按班排建制分为两组(观察组和对照组),每组各85人.新训开始前,用FMS测试量表对两组新兵进行了包括深蹲、跨栏步、直线弓箭步、肩部灵活性、主动直腿上抬、躯干稳定俯卧撑、旋转稳定7个动作模式以及肩夹击、伏地起身、臀部后坐3个排除测试在内的功能性动作筛查,分析比较两组新兵FMS分值;观察组新兵进行针对性功能动作训练,对照组新兵采用部队常规方法训练.新训3个月后重测FMS并采集新兵受伤数据,分析功能动作训练前、后两组FMS测试结果,以及FMS 7个分量与训练伤的相关性.结果 新训开始前两组除了躯干稳定俯卧撑,其余6个分量差异不具有统计学意义;观察组新兵通过功能动作训练后,FMS测试总分从(15.118 ±1.8479)分提高到(16.346 ±2.0082)分,总分≤14分的人数从32人减少到12人;对照组新兵经过常规训练后,在FMS测试的7个分量上的得分也有所提高,在躯干稳定俯卧撑上较训练前差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),总分≤14分人数从26人减少到22人.FMS总分与军事训练伤具有显著相关性(R =0.033,P＜0.05);FMS总分≤14的新兵发生军事训练伤的比例高于总分＞14的新兵发生军事训练伤的比例(0.724 vs 0.170).结论 功能动作训练能有效提高新兵FMS分值,对新兵军事训练伤有较好的预防效果.

Effect of functional movement training in preventing recruits' military training injury

Objective To study the effect of functional movement training in prevention of recruits' military training injury by evaluating functional movement screen (FMS) before and after the functional training.Methods Totally 170 recruits (132 men,38 women,average 18.3 years old) from one of teaching units in 2013 were selected and divided into 2 groups (observation-and control-group) according to the system of classes.Before the training started,a test was conducted for FMS scoring.The test included 7 movement patterns (deep squat,hurdle step,in-line lunge,shoulder mobility,active straight raise,trunk stability pushup,and rotary stability) and 3 excluded movements (shoulder attack,push-ups,and hip sitting-back).Then,observation group was assigned for targeted functional movement training and control group took normal training.In 3 months later,the test was re-taken and the recruits' injury data was collected.The FMS scores of the 2 groups before and after the training were analyzed.The relation between 7 movements of FMS score and training injury was studied.Results Except the movement of trunk stability push-up,there was no statistical difference in other 6 movements between the 2 groups before the training.In the observation group,individual's total FMS score was improved from 15.118 ± 1.8479) to 16.346 ± 2.0082) points after functional movement training.The number of recruits with total FMS score ≤ 14 reduced from 32 to 12.By contrast,this number was much less reduced from 26 to 22 in the control group.A slightly overall increase of FMS score (7 movements) was found after training,especially statistical significance in the trunk stability push-up (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the total FMS score was closely correlated to training injury (R =0.033,P ＜ 0.05).The recruits with total FMS score ≤ 14 had a higher rate of injury compared to those with score ＞ 14 (0.724 vs 0.170).Conclusion Functional movement training can effectively improve the recruits' FMS score,suggesting better prevention effect on military training injury.