2008年住院患者医院感染的分析与对策

目的 了解住院患者医院感染的相关因素,为有效制定预防与控制医院感染的措施提供依据.方法 利用回顾性调查的方法,对医院2008年1-12月10 059例住院患者进行医院感染的监测.结果 2008年发生的医院感染437例,科室感染以血液内科为主,感染率为24.9%,其次为肿瘤科,感染率15.1%;感染部位以呼吸道为主,占59.3%,其次为泌尿道感染,占14.2%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占40.3%,其次为真菌感染,占25.4%;易感因素以抗菌药物使用为主,占40.7%,其次肿瘤基础疾病占16.2%.结论 医院感染的监控应从多发感染科室、感染部位、病原菌的生长特点、易感因素等多方面进行制定对策,才能有效降低医院感染的发生.

Analysis and Countermeasures of Nosocomial Infection of Inpatients in 2008

OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively. METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4.3% (437/10059) . The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows:24.9% in the Blood Department, 15.1% in the Tumor Department; The infection site were respiratory tract (59.3%), urinary tract (14.3%); The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria (40.7%), fungus injection (25.4%); The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs (40.7%), and underlying diseases of tumor (16.2%). CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken. More attention should be paid on the risk factors.