The synapsins: Key actors of synapse function and plasticity |
| |
Authors: | F Cesca P Baldelli F Valtorta F Benfenati |
| |
Institution: | 1. Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, The Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;2. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;3. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, “Vita-Salute” University, and IIT Unit of Molecular Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy |
| |
Abstract: | The synapsins are a family of neuronal phosphoproteins evolutionarily conserved in invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Their best-characterised function is to modulate neurotransmitter release at the pre-synaptic terminal, by reversibly tethering synaptic vesicles (SVs) to the actin cytoskeleton. However, many recent data have suggested novel functions for synapsins in other aspects of the pre-synaptic physiology, such as SV docking, fusion and recycling. Synapsin activity is tightly regulated by several protein kinases and phosphatases, which modulate the association of synapsins to SVs as well as their interaction with actin filaments and other synaptic proteins. In this context, synapsins act as a link between extracellular stimuli and the intracellular signalling events activated upon neuronal stimulation. Genetic manipulation of synapsins in various in vivo models has revealed that, although not essential for the basic development and functioning of neuronal networks, these proteins are extremely important in the fine-tuning of neuronal plasticity, as shown by the epileptic phenotype and behavioural abnormalities characterising mouse lines lacking one or more synapsin isoforms. |
| |
Keywords: | ATM ataxia-telangiectasia mutated BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor CaMK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase DRE delayed response enhancement eIPSCs evoked inhibitory post-synaptic currents eEPSC evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents EM electron microscopy Erk/MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase LTD long-term depression LTP long-term potentiation NGF nerve growth factor NSF N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor NT neurotransmitter PAK p21-activated kinase PKA cAMP-dependent protein kinase PL phospholipid PM plasma membrane PPF paired-pulse facilitation Pr probability of release RP reserve pool of SVs RRP readily releasable pool of SVs STP short-term plasticity SV synaptic vesicle Syn synapsin Syp synaptophysin TGN trans-Golgi network |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|